Table 1 The temporal trends of age-standardized DALY rate attributed to risk factors across different SDI regions, 1990 to 2019

Global EAPC(95%CI)

1990–1999

− 1.46 (− 1.67 – − 1.25)

− 0.87 (− 1.13 – − 0.61)

− 4.03 (− 4.34–− 3.72)

− 1.41 (− 1.63 – − 1.19)

0.47 (0.37–0.56)

0.46 (0.23–0.70)

− 1.86 (− 2.20–− 1.51)

15.04 (8.20–22.30)

− 2.52 (− 3.33–− 1.71)

2000–2009

− 2.85 (− 2.98–− 2.71)

− 2.94 (− 3.11–− 2.77)

− 5.57 (− 5.82–− 5.32)

− 2.79 (− 2.94–− 2.63)

− 1.09 (− 1.29–− 0.88)

− 0.60 (− 1.31–0.11)

− 3.41 (− 3.57–− 3.25)

2.39 (− 0.31–5.16)

− 4.25 (− 4.69–− 3.81)

2010–2019

− 2.12 (− 2.30–− 1.93)

− 2.24 (− 2.42–− 2.06)

− 6.19 (− 6.42–− 5.96)

− 2.04 (− 2.26–− 1.81)

− 0.91 (− 1.46–− 0.34)

− 1.26 (− 2.11–− 0.40)

− 1.83 (− 2.14–− 1.52)

2.06 (− 0.10–4.26)

− 2.99 (− 3.53–− 2.44)

Low SDI EAPC (95%CI)

1990–1999

− 0.45 (− 0.61–− 0.30)

− 0.45 (− 0.62–− 0.28)

− 1.06 (− 1.21–− 0.92)

− 0.44 (− 0.60–− 0.28)

1.10 (0.37–1.83)

1.07 (0.30–1.85)

− 0.59 (− 0.74–− 0.43)

–

− 0.55 (− 1.15–0.06)

2000–2009

− 0.77 (− 0.98–− 0.56)

− 0.72 (− 0.93–− 0.51)

− 2.13 (− 2.43–− 1.83)

− 0.52 (− 0.71–− 0.33)

2.35 (2.03–2.68)

1.73 (0.56–2.90)

− 1.14 (− 1.35–− 0.94)

20.89 (10.16–32.66)

− 1.18 (− 1.83–− 0.52)

2010–2019

− 1.47 (− 1.65–− 1.29)

− 1.59 (− 1.73–− 1.45)

− 4.09 (− 4.42–− 3.77)

− 1.11 (− 1.29–− 0.94)

1.94 (0.70–3.20)

1.51 (1.08–1.94)

− 0.35 (− 0.5–− 0.21)

3.65 (− 0.23–7.68)

− 1.01 (− 2.19–0.19)

Low− middle SDI EAPC (95%CI)

1990–1999

− 1.11 (− 1.33–− 0.89)

− 0.89 (− 1.14–− 0.64)

− 2.54 (− 2.81–− 2.27)

− 0.98 (− 1.22–− 0.73)

1.23 (0.58–1.89)

1.49 (0.90–2.08)

− 1.14 (− 1.33–− 0.94)

25.14 (9.75–42.69)

− 2.01 (− 2.72–− 1.30)

2000–2009

− 1.91 (− 2.25–− 1.57)

− 2.00 (− 2.33–− 1.68)

− 4.46 (− 4.81–− 4.10)

− 1.58 (− 1.92–− 1.24)

1.49 (0.92–2.06)

0.55 (− 0.52–1.63)

− 2.11 (− 2.39–− 1.83)

3.07 (0.43–5.78)

− 2.68 (− 3.19–− 2.17)

2010–2019

− 1.71 (− 1.89–− 1.53)

− 1.85 (− 2.03–− 1.67)

− 6.08 (− 6.18–− 5.98)

− 1.65 (− 1.79–− 1.51)

1.57 (0.36–2.79)

1.35 (1.04–1.65)

− 1.18 (− 1.35–− 1.01)

2.67 (0.34–5.05)

− 2.77 (− 3.55–− 1.98)

Middle SDI EAPC (95%CI)

1990–1999

− 2.20 (− 2.48–− 1.92)

− 1.05 (− 1.33–− 0.75)

− 6.20 (− 6.78–− 5.62)

− 2.05 (− 2.33–− 1.76)

0.79 (0.66–0.92)

− 0.11 (− 0.50–0.29)

− 2.57 (− 3.05–− 2.08)

7.33 (− 1.99–17.53)

− 3.14 (− 3.98–− 2.29)

2000–2009

− 4.06 (− 4.30–− 3.83)

− 3.95 (− 4.25–− 3.65)

− 9.01 (− 9.68–− 8.34)

− 4.01 (− 4.29–− 3.74)

− 2.04 (− 2.34–− 1.73)

− 1.09 (− 1.90–− 0.28)

− 4.48 (− 4.71–− 4.25)

− 1.04 (− 5.36–3.47)

− 5.55 (− 6.07–− 5.02)

2010–2019

− 3.41 (− 3.73–− 3.08)

− 3.45 (− 3.76–− 3.14)

− 10.03 (− 10.17–− 9.90)

− 3.28 (− 3.63–− 2.93)

− 2.77 (− 3.13–− 2.41)

− 5.11 (− 7.04–− 3.15)

− 3.02 (− 3.43–− 2.60)

− 0.54 (− 4.38–3.45)

− 4.34 (− 5.07–− 3.61)

High-middle SDI EAPC (95%CI)

1990–1999

− 2.23 (− 2.76–− 1.70)

− 1.40 (− 2.02–− 0.77)

− 7.83 (− 8.53–− 7.12)

− 2.26 (− 2.77–− 1.76)

− 0.69 (− 1.08–− 0.30)

− 1.05 (− 1.79–− 0.31)

− 2.52 (− 3.02–− 2.02)

− 0.72 (− 7.97–7.11)

− 3.18 (− 4.21–− 2.14)

2000–2009

− 4.62 (− 5.08–− 4.16)

− 4.65 (− 5.14–− 4.16)

− 12.36 (− 13.34–− 11.36)

− 4.76 (− 5.27–− 4.25)

− 3.10 (− 3.59–− 2.61)

− 2.88 (− 3.63–− 2.12)

− 4.64 (− 5.11–− 4.17)

− 6.21 (− 9.49–− 2.81)

− 5.57 (− 6.20–− 4.93)

2010–2019

− 2.76 (− 3.23–− 2.28)

− 2.71 (− 3.19–− 2.24)

− 10.33 (− 10.90–− 9.76)

− 2.80 (− 3.32–− 2.27)

− 3.21 (− 3.59–− 2.83)

− 3.07 (− 4.60–− 1.51)

− 2.71 (− 3.34–− 2.09)

− 0.05 (− 6.22–6.52)

− 3.62 (− 4.37–− 2.85)

High SDI EAPC (95%CI)

1990–1999

− 0.46 (− 0.57–− 0.35)

− 0.55 (− 0.67–− 0.44)

− 10.75 (− 11.26–− 10.24)

− 0.50 (− 0.62–− 0.39)

− 1.41 (− 1.53–− 1.28)

1.57 (0.89–2.26)

− 1.33 (− 1.48–− 1.19)

5.72 (1.23–10.40)

− 0.85 (− 1.54–− 0.15)

2000–2009

− 1.32 (− 1.42–− 1.22)

− 1.38 (− 1.47–− 1.29)

− 11.96 (− 12.17–− 11.76)

− 1.16 (− 1.25–− 1.06)

− 2.79 (− 2.90–− 2.68)

− 1.90 (− 2.73–− 1.06)

− 2.68 (− 2.82–− 2.54)

1.49 (− 1.77–4.86)

− 1.60 (− 2.06–− 1.13)

2010–2019

− 0.84 (− 0.93–− 0.75)

− 0.96 (− 1.04–− 0.89)

− 7.13 (− 7.65–− 6.60)

− 0.44 (− 0.51–− 0.37)

− 2.65 (− 2.99–− 2.31)

− 1.96 (− 2.60–− 1.32)

− 0.61 (− 0.77–− 0.45)

− 0.52 (− 4.51–3.64)

− 0.85 (− 1.27–− 0.44)