Fig. 3

Reduced survival in male rats with Bmpr2 mutation after MCT injection. A Survival outcomes of wild-type (WT) and Bmpr2 mutation (+/44insG) rats after monocrotaline (MCT) injection. B The body weight percentage increment from start to the end of the experiment in WT (open circle) and +/44insG (closed circle) rats (n = 32, WT and +/44insG). C Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of rats surviving on day 28 after MCT injection (n = 16, WT and +/44insG). D The weight ratio of right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum (RV/[LV + S]) (n = 19). E–M Representative images of barium filled proximal PAs with diameter size 100–200 μm (E–G), 50–100 μm (H–J), 15–50 μm (K–L) and the quantification of medial wall thickness (%MWT) at 4 weeks after MCT injection for WT and +/44insG respectively (n = 8, WT and +/44insG). Scale bar: 50 μm (E and F), 25 μm (H and I), 10 μm (K and L). N–P Representative images indicating the number of barium filled distal PAs and the quantification of the distal PAs per 100 alveoli at 4 weeks after MCT injection in WT and +/44insG respectively (n = 7, WT and +/44insG). Scale bar: 50 μm. Q Measurement of cardiac output, (R) pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT), S tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and (T) right ventricular wall thickness in diastole (RVWTd) in WT and +/44insG rats 24–26 days after MCT treatment (n = 10, WT and +/44insG). The numbers in parentheses represent the numbers of rats examined. For panel A, data are presented by Kaplan–Meier survival plot; for panel B data are presented as scatter plots indicating all data points; for panels C, D, G, J, M and P, the data are presented as means ± SEM; Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test for panel A, unpaired t-test for panels B–D, G, J, M, P and Q–T; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. WT = wild-type; +/44insG = rats with bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutation; MCT = monocrotaline; mPAP = mean pulmonary artery pressure; RV/(LV + S) = weight ratio of right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum; PAs = pulmonary arteries; %MWT = the percentage of medial wall thickness; PAAT = pulmonary artery acceleration time; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RVWTd: right ventricular wall thickness in diastole