| Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | No metformin (n = 2222) | Metformin (n = 1377) | No metformin (n = 2222) | Metformin (n = 1377) | ||
Death | 25.1 (23.3, 27.1) | 10.5 (8.7, 12.5) | 22.5 (20.7, 24.6) | 11.6 (9.2, 14.7) | 0.46 (0.36, 0.58) |  < 0.001 |
Hospitalization | 76.1 (72.0, 80.6) | 55.12 (50.4, 60.3) | 70.8 (65.7, 76.3) | 63.4 (55.7, 72.3) | 0.81 (0.72, 0.92) | 0.001 |