Fig. 1

PM2.5 causes abnormal respiratory system in mice. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to biomass fuel PM2.5 for six months and analyzed on indicated days. Lung function was examined in anesthetized mice using DSI animal pulmonary function test machine. A Scheme for biomass fuel PM2.5 long-term exposure system modeling. B Dynamic weight changes in control and long-term PM2.5-exposed mice. C Lung function test of CONTROL and PM2.5 exposure group. Cdyn: dynamic lung compliance. FEV (200)/FVC: ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity at 200 ms. PM2.5 exposure reduced dynamic Lung Compliance and FEV (200)/FVC. D HE staining of CONTROL and PM2.5-exposed mice. Scale bar = 200 μm. E Mean Alveolar Number (MAN) was counted in CONTROL and PM2.5-exposed mice. F Mean Linear Intercept (MLI) was examined in CONTROL and PM2.5-exposed mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Comparisons between two groups (CONTROL vs PM2.5 exposure) were analyzed by unpaired t test. Data presented are mean ± SD. n ≥ 4