From: One-year pulmonary impairment after severe COVID-19: a prospective, multicenter follow-up study
Oxygen only (N = 61) | CPAP (N = 136) | IMV (N = 90) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median [Q1–Q3] | Median [Q1–Q3] | Median [Q1–Q3] | ||
FEV1 (L)a | 2.9 [2.4, 3.7] | 3.4 [2.7, 3.9] | 3.2 [2.7, 3.7] | |
FEV1% | 111.0 [96.0, 123.5] | 110.0 [98.0, 121.8] | 106.5 [96.2, 117.0] | 0.24 |
FVC (L)b | 3.4 [3.0, 4.5] | 4.2 [3.3, 4.8] | 3.9 [3.3, 4.6] | |
FVC% | 108.0 [99.0, 119.0] | 107.5 [96.0, 116.0] | 101.0 [93.0, 111.0] | 0.02 |
TIb | 80.0 [77.0, 84.0] | 82.0 [79.0, 85.8] | 82.0 [80.0, 85.0] | |
TLC (L)c | 5.8 [4.6, 7.1] | 6.3 [5.3, 6.9] | 5.9 [4.9, 6.7] | |
TLC% | 100.0 [91.0, 109.0] | 97.0 [89.0, 105.2] | 94.0 [84.0, 100.0] | 0.02 |
DLCO (mmoL/min/kPa)d | 6.4 [5.6, 7.6] | 7.5 [6.3, 9.1] | 6.9 [5.9, 8.5] | |
DLCO%c | 79.0 [71.2, 91.8] | 88.0 [77.0, 98.0] | 80.0 [70.2, 89.0] | 0.006 |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pulmonary function test values as categorical variables | ||||
DLCO impairment (%) | 31 (53) | 39 (29) | 44 (49) | 0.001 |
Mild defect (60–79%) | 28 (48) | 26 (20) | 35 (39) | |
Moderate defect (40–59%) | 3 (5) | 12 (9) | 6 (7) | |
Severe defect (< 40%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | |
FVC impairment (%) | 4 (7) | 7 (5) | 9 (10) | 0.37 |
Mild defect (70–79%) | 1 (2) | 6 (4) | 7 (8) | |
Moderate defect (60–69%) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | |
Moderate-to-severe defect (50–59%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
Severe defect (≤ 49%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
TI < 0.7 | 5 (8) | 6 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
TLC impairment (%) | 6 (10) | 11 (8) | 16 (18) | 0.09 |
Mild defect (70–79%) | 4 (7) | 8 (6) | 11 (12) | |
Moderate defect (60–69%) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | 4 (4) | |
Moderate-to-severe defect (50–59%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
Severe defect (≤ 49%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Six-minute walking test | ||||
Meters, median [Q1–Q3]e | 470 [400, 513] | 460 [410, 520] | 475 [400, 525] | 0.60 |
Distance lower than expectede | 15 (25) | 26 (20) | 17 (19) | 0.64 |
Dyspnea scale | ||||
mMRC SCALEf | 0.81 | |||
0 | 35 (57) | 83 (61) | 53 (60) | |
1 | 18 (30) | 32 (24) | 27 (30) | |
2 | 8 (13) | 17 (12) | 9 (10) | |
3 | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | |
4 | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |