Table 4 Summary of studies on EVs containing miRNA in COPD
From: Extracellular vesicles and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review
Mechanism—microRNA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Author, year [Ref.] | Title | Aim | Type | Conclusion |
He et al., 2019 [36] | Bronchial epithelial cells extracellular vesicles ameliorate epithelial–mesenchymal transition in COPD pathogenesis by alleviating M2 macrophage polarization | Investigate whether EVs could influence the occurrence of inflammatory lung disease (in particular COPD) through contained microRNAs | In vitro Ex vivo human In vivo Mice | EVs found in the serum contained significantly higher levels of miR-21 in COPD patients than healthy people. CS was found to reduce levels of miR-21 in EVs of BEAS-2B cells at 1%, 3% and 5% when compared to 0%. Macrophages were then found to uptake these EVs, resulting in polarization into M2 phenotype which negatively correlated with lung function of mouse COPD models |
Xu et al., 2018 [37] | Exosomal microRNA-21 derived from bronchial epithelial cells is involved in aberrant epithelium-fibroblast cross-talk in COPD induced by cigarette smoking | Evaluate the expression of miR-21 in exosomes derived from bronchial epithelial cells exposed to CSE and investigate the mechanism for exosomal miR-21 in airway remodeling | In vitro Ex vivo Human In vivo Mice | CS exposure induces increases of miR-21 levels transferred by exosomes from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells into bronchial fibroblast cells, promoting myofibroblast differentiation by increases of HIF-1a transcriptional activity |
Fujita et al., 2015 [38] | Suppression of autophagy by extracellular vesicles promotes myofibrobasts differentiation in COPD pathogenesis | Investigate an EV-mediated intercellular communication mechanism between primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and lung fibroblasts (LFs) | In vitro | CSE-induced HBEC derived EVs had modified components, 8 miRNAs including miR-210, when compared to non-treated HBEC-derived EVs. HBEC-derived EV miR-210 caused significant increase in collagen type I and a-SMA expression in lung fibroblasts (LFs) which are characteristic of myofibroblast differentiation via EVs |
Serban et al., 2016 [39] | Structural and functional characterization of endothelial microparticles released by cigarette smoke | Investigate the role of signaling of pathways typically involved in endothelial apoptosis in EMPs release and the role of CS-induced EMPs and their impact on specialized phagocytes | In vitro Ex vivo Human In vivo/ex vivo mice | CS, via aSMase, releases circulating EMPs with distinct microRNA cargo. CS-induced apoptotic and exosomal EMPs carry ceramides and specific miRNAs in circulation and result in interference of efferocytosis |