Table 1 Patient’s characteristics and comparison of clinical factors between patients with a normal and reduced exercise capacity
Parameters | All patients (n = 105) | Normal exercise capacity (n = 68) | Reduced exercise capacity (n = 37) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 59.21 ± 11.81 | 59.68 ± 12.16 | 58.35 ± 11.26 | 0.585 |
Male (%) | 79 (75.2) | 46 (67.6) | 33 (89.2) | 0.015 |
BMI before COVID-19, kg/m2 | 29.11 ± 5.51 | 30.29 ± 5.64 | 27.16 ± 4.74 | 0.009 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.92 ± 4.98 | 29.07 ± 5.24 | 25.79 ± 3.68 | 0.001 |
Change in BMI before-after COVID-19, kg/m2 | − 1.16 ± 1.93 | − 0.90 ± 1.59 | − 1.59 ± 2.35 | 0.105 |
Tobacco history (%) | 48 (45.7) | 34 (50) | 14 (37.8) | 0.232 |
Smoking, pack-years | 11.69 ± 16.29 | 11.5 ± 15.22 | 12.06 ± 18.38 | 0.874 |
mMRC dyspnea scale (0/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4) | 67/ 31/ 5/ 2/ 0 | 46/ 21/ 1/ 0/ 0 | 24/ 12/ 1/ 0/ 0 | 0.61 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension (%) | 44 (41.9) | 25 (36.8) | 19 (51.4) | 0.148 |
Diabetes (%) | 29 (27.6) | 12 (17.6) | 17 (45.9) | 0.002 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 21 (20) | 13 (19.1) | 8 (21.6) | 0.759 |
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (%) | 17 (16.2) | 12 (17.6) | 5 (13.5) | 0.583 |
Obstructive sleep apnea (%) | 15 (14.3) | 8 (11.8) | 7 (18.9) | 0.317 |
Malignancy (%) | 14 (13.5) | 8 (11.9) | 6 (16.2) | 0.541 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 11 (10.5) | 3 (4.4) | 8 (21.6) | 0.006 |
COPD (%) | 1 (1) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0.459 |
During COVID-19 hospitalisation | ||||
ICU stay (%) | 45 (43.3) | 26 (38.8) | 19 (51.4) | 0.216 |
HFNC (%) | 16 (15.7) | 10 (15.2) | 6 (16.7) | 0.841 |
IMV (%) | 26 (25.2) | 14 (21.2) | 12 (32.4) | 0.209 |
Tracheotomy (%) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.7) | 0.675 |
ECMO (%) | 4 (3.9) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (8.1) | 0.097 |
Pulmonary embolism (%) | 8 (7.8) | 7 (10.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0.150 |
Acute kidney injury (%) | 23 (22.1) | 11 (16.2) | 12 (33.3) | 0.045 |
Cardiogenic shock (%) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.289 |