Fig. 5

Comparison of genes regulated by elastase instillation or nicotine pre-treatment at ped3. The genetic profile of the control-saline (C-S, orange circle) group was compared either to the control-elastase (C-E, green circle) or to the nicotine-saline (N-S, purple circle) group. Elastase instillation upregulated 723 genes (C-E vs. C-S), while nicotine pre-treatment upregulated 219 genes (N-S vs. C-S) (A). The common pool of 109 genes upregulated either by elastase alone (C-E) and nicotine alone (N-S) is shown in A gray). Top 10 regulation pathways activated both my C-E and N-S are shown in B; the pathways marked in green represent those already detected in the analysis of upregulated genes in the comparison of N-S vs. C-S (shown in Fig. 3C). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP); arginine vasopressin (AVP)