Table 1 Comparison of COVID-19 patients with normal or abnormal DLCO values 6 months after hospital discharge
DLCO ≥ 80% ref N = 90 (41.9%) | DLCO < 80% ref N = 125 (58.1%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and clinical characteristics | |||
Male (n, %) | 59 (65.6) | 71 (56.8) | 0.2 |
Age (years) | 56.9 ± 12.7 | 65.3 ± 10.4 | < 0.0001 |
Smoking (n, %) | 0.02 | ||
Never | 71 (78.9) | 77 (61.6) | |
Current | 1 (1.1) | 6 (4.8) | |
Former | 18 (20) | 42 (33.6) | |
Comorbidities, (n, %) | |||
Hypertension | 26 (28.9) | 59 (47.2) | 0.007 |
Diabetes | 5 (5.6) | 15 (12) | 0.2 |
Cardiovascular disease | 8 (8.9) | 22 (17.6) | 0.07 |
Asthma | 5 (5.6) | 8 (6.4) | 1 |
COPD | 2 (2.2) | 7 (5.6) | 0.3 |
Hepatic disease | 5 (5.6) | 5 (4) | 0.7 |
Solid neoplasm | 3 (3.3) | 5 (4) | 1.0 |
Acute COVID-19 (in hospital) | |||
Symptoms, (n, %) | |||
Any one of the following symptoms | 75 (83.3) | 98 (78.4) | 0.4 |
Fever | 70 (77.8) | 87 (69.6) | 0.2 |
Cough | 57 (63.3) | 70 (56) | 0.3 |
Dyspnoea | 38 (42.2) | 60 (48) | 0.4 |
Joint Pain | 23 (25.6) | 24 (19.2) | 0.3 |
Diarrhoea | 21 (23.3) | 20 (16) | 0.2 |
Sputum production | 10 (11.1) | 16 (12.8) | 0.7 |
Headache | 13 (14.4) | 5 (4) | 0.01 |
Chest Pain | 11 (12.2) | 7 (5.6) | 0.1 |
Biomarkers | |||
CRP (mg/dL) | 6.7 [3.6–14.5] | 10.4 [6.4–20] | 0.003 |
D-dimer (ng/mL) | 1015 ± 1470 | 1493 ± 2152 | 0.1 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 892.7 ± 862.1 | 1026.8 ± 987.7 | 0.5 |
LDH (U/L) | 303 [240–378] | 362 [287–500] | 0.002 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1 ± 0.6 | 0.06 |
Platelets (109/L) | 205.9 ± 87.5 | 242.8 ± 270.4 | 0.3 |
Leukocytes (109/L) | 5.8 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 3.9 | 0.04 |
Lymphocytes (109/L) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.6 |
Severity of disease (WHO), (n, %) | |||
Score 3 | 26 (28.9) | 23 (18.4) | 0.04 |
Score 4 | 29 (32.2) | 37 (29.6) | |
Score 5 | 24 (26.7) | 29 (23.2) | |
Score 6 | 6 (6.7) | 21 (16.8) | |
Score 7 | 5 (5.6) | 15 (12) | |
Hospitalization (n, %) | |||
ICU admission | 34 (37.8) | 61 (48.8) | 0.1 |
MV | 11 (12.2) | 36 (28.8) | 0.004 |
NIMV | 6 (6.7) | 15 (12) | 0.2 |
ARDS | 22 (24.4) | 53 (42.4) | 0.006 |
Organizing pneumonia | 39 (43.3) | 68 (54.4) | 0.1 |
Pulmonary embolism | 3 (3.3) | 12 (9.6) | 0.1 |
Length of hospital stay | 13 | 19 | < 0.0001 |
Length of ICU stay | 7 | 18 | 0.002 |
6 months after hospital discharge | |||
Symptoms, (n, %) | |||
Any one of the following symptoms | 42 (46.7) | 69 (55.2) | 0.2 |
Dyspnoea | 14 (15.6) | 42 (33.6) | 0.003 |
Fatigue | 19 (21.1) | 31 (24.8) | 0.6 |
Cough | 7 (7.8) | 23 (18.4) | 0.03 |
Joint Pain | 6 (6.7) | 15 (12) | 0.2 |
Diarrhoea | 1 (1.1) | 3 (2.4) | 0.6 |
Sputum production | 5 (5.6) | 12 (9.6) | 0.3 |
Headache | 8 (8.9) | 8 (6.4) | 0.6 |
Chest pain | 10 (1.1) | 9 (7.2) | 0.3 |
Biomarkers | |||
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.4 |
D-dimer (ng/mL) | 360 ± 291 | 510 ± 998 | 0.4 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 127 ± 102 | 113 ± 108 | 0.7 |
LDH (U/L) | 172 [155–190] | 192 [172–209] | 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.2 |
Platelets (109/L) | 227.9 ± 63 | 233.9 ± 74.5 | 0.7 |
Leukocytes (109/L) | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 2.6 | 0.02 |
Lymphocytes (109/L) | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 0.08 |