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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: The value of ROX index in predicting the outcome of high flow nasal cannula: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Country

Population

Toal cases

Failure cases

Study design

Acquisition time

Definition of HFNC failure

Virginie Lemiale 2021

France + Belgium

Immunocompromised patients with ARF

302

115

RCT

6 h after receiving HFNC

The subsequent need for invasive MV

Oriol Roca 2016

Spain + France

Pneumonia

157

44

Prospective observational cohort study

12 h after receiving HFNC

The subsequent need for invasive MV

Oriol Roca 2019

Spain + France

Pneumonia

191

68

Prospective observational cohort study

6 h after receiving HFNC

The subsequent need for invasive MV

Ken Junyang Goh 2020

Singapore

Acute hypoxemic respiratory

99

45

Prospective observational cohort study

6 h after receiving HFNC

The subsequent need for invasive MV

Abhimanyu Chandel 2020

USA

COVID-19

272

108

Prospective observational cohort study

6 h after receiving HFNC

The subsequent need for invasive MV

Ming Hu 2020

China

COVID-19

105

40

Retrospective cohort study

6 h after receiving HFNC

Need for NIV or IMV and/or death

Maeva Rodriguez 2019

France

ARF

190

22

Retrospective cohort study

Before each separation attempt

Requiring HFNC resumption, NIV initiation, intubation, or death

Gregory L Calligaro 2020

South Africa

COVID-19

293

156

Prospective observational cohort study

6 h after receiving HFNC

Need for MV or death

Jiqian Xu 2020

China

COVID-19

324

147

Retrospective cohort study

4 h after receiving HFNC

The subsequent need for invasive MV

  1. HFNC high flow nasal cannula; ARF acute respiratory failure; RCT randomized controlled study; MV mechanical ventilation; NV noninvasive ventilation, IMV invasive ventilation