Fig. 4

NIF regulates the immune microenvironment of the lungs. a–d Quantification of MDSCs, macrophages, and CD4⁺, CD4⁺ CD69⁺ T lymphocytes infiltration in the lung tissue. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. All data are shown as the mean ± SD. n = 3; ***P < 0.001 vs. Sham; ^###P < 0.001 vs. Vehicle