Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients according to status of coronary artery disease and sex
Variables | CAD (n = 664) | No CAD (n = 3242) | P-value | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAD (n = 500) | No CAD (n = 2564) | P-value | CAD (n = 164) | No CAD (n = 678) | P-value | ||||
Age (years) | 73.0 (13.0) | 68.0 (13.0) | < 0.001 | 73.0 (13.0) | 68.0 (13.0) | < 0.001 | 73.0 (13.0) | 69.0 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 22.7 (5.2) | 21.8 (4.7) | < 0.001 | 22.7 (4.9) | 21.7 (4.7) | < 0.001 | 22.6 (6.3) | 22.2 (5.5) | 0.079 |
Smoking status | |||||||||
 Non-smoker | 233 (35.1%) | 991 (30.6%) | < 0.001 | 108 (21.6%) | 462 (18.0%) | < 0.001 | 125 (76.2%) | 529 (78.0%) | 0.803 |
 Ex-smoker | 296 (44.6%) | 1360 (41.9%) | 277 (55.4%) | 1281 (50.0%) | 19 (11.6%) | 79 (11.7%) | |||
 Current smoker | 135 (20.3%) | 891 (27.5%) | 115 (23.0%) | 821 (32.0%) | 20 (12.2%) | 70 (10.3%) | |||
Hospital admissions in the previous year | |||||||||
 < 2 | 492 (74.1%) | 2460 (75.9%) | 0.346 | 358 (71.6%) | 1907 (74.4%) | 0.201 | 134 (81.7%) | 553 (81.6%) | 1.000 |
 ≥ 2 | 172 (25.9%) | 782 (24.1%) | 142 (28.4%) | 657 (25.6%) | 30 (18.3%) | 125 (18.4%) | |||
Emergency visits in the previous year | |||||||||
 < 2 | 529 (79.7%) | 2508 (77.4%) | 0.201 | 388 (77.6%) | 1953 (76.2%) | 0.527 | 141 (86.0%) | 555 (81.9%) | 0.250 |
 ≥ 2 | 135 (20.3%) | 734 (22.6%) | 112 (22.4%) | 611 (23.8%) | 23 (14.0%) | 123 (18.1%) | |||
Symptoms | |||||||||
 Increased cough | 421 (63.4%) | 1916 (59.1%) | 0.041 | 318 (63.6%) | 1500 (58.5%) | 0.037 | 103 (62.8%) | 416 (61.4%) | 0.789 |
 Increased sputum volume | 271 (40.8%) | 1297 (40.0%) | 0.728 | 209 (41.8%) | 1023 (39.9%) | 0.455 | 62 (37.8%) | 274 (40.4%) | 0.594 |
 Wheezing | 574 (86.4%) | 2711 (83.6%) | 0.071 | 427 (85.4%) | 2133 (83.2%) | 0.236 | 147 (89.6%) | 578 (85.3%) | 0.167 |
 mMRC | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.020 | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.071 | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.107 |
 CAT | 20.0 (10.0) | 19.0 (9.0) | 0.045 | 20.0 (11.0) | 19.0 (9.0) | 0.096 | 20.0 (8.0) | 19.0 (9.0) | 0.283 |
 Post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted | 43.2 (24.7) | 41.8 (26.9) | 0.368 | 41.4 (23.9) | 40.3 (25.6) | 0.202 | 45.8 (24.1) | 49.4 (27.8) | 0.233 |
 Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (%) | 52.0 (16.0) | 50.0 (17.0) | 0.002 | 50.0 (16.0) | 48.0 (16.0) | 0.023 | 56.0 (16.0) | 55.0 (16.0) | 0.147 |
Comorbidity | |||||||||
 Respiratory disease | |||||||||
  Asthma | 56 (8.4%) | 299 (9.2%) | 0.554 | 40 (8.0%) | 216 (8.4%) | 0.792 | 16 (9.8%) | 83 (12.2%) | 0.420 |
  Bronchiectasis | 80 (12.0%) | 403 (12.4%) | 0.796 | 56 (11.2%) | 296 (11.5%) | 0.878 | 24 (14.6%) | 107 (15.8%) | 0.722 |
  Lung cancer | 4 (0.6%) | 48 (1.5%) | 0.092 | 3 (0.6%) | 42 (1.6%) | 0.101 | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (0.9%) | 1.000 |
  Pulmonary artery hypertension | 62 (9.3%) | 280 (8.6%) | 0.598 | 43 (8.6%) | 232 (9.0%) | 0.798 | 19 (11.6%) | 48 (7.1%) | 0.075 |
  SAS | 7 (1.1%) | 39 (1.2%) | 0.846 | 7 (1.4%) | 34 (1.3%) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.7%) | 0.589 |
  Pneumonia | 201 (30.3%) | 1004 (31.0%) | 0.747 | 153 (30.6%) | 779 (30.4%) | 0.958 | 48 (29.3%) | 225 (33.2%) | 0.354 |
 Cardiovascular disease | |||||||||
  Hypertension | 316 (47.6%) | 993 (30.6%) | < 0.001 | 235 (47.0%) | 772 (30.1%) | < 0.001 | 81 (49.4%) | 221 (32.6%) | < 0.001 |
  Heart failure | 72 (10.8%) | 118 (3.6%) | < 0.001 | 53 (10.6%) | 91 (3.5%) | < 0.001 | 19 (11.6%) | 27 (4.0%) | < 0.001 |
  Arrhythmia | 88 (13.3%) | 152 (4.7%) | < 0.001 | 68 (13.6%) | 130 (5.1%) | < 0.001 | 20 (12.2%) | 22 (3.2%) | < 0.001 |
 Digestive disease | |||||||||
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 18 (2.7%) | 58 (1.8%) | 0.123 | 14 (2.8%) | 48 (1.9%) | 0.222 | 4 (2.4%) | 10 (1.5%) | 0.492 |
  Peptic ulcer | 15 (2.3%) | 57 (1.8%) | 0.427 | 10 (2.0%) | 52 (2.0%) | 1.000 | 5 (3.0%) | 5 (0.7%) | 0.029 |
  Chronic gastritis | 38 (5.7%) | 133 (4.1%) | 0.076 | 29 (5.8%) | 105 (4.1%) | 0.094 | 9 (5.5%) | 28 (4.1%) | 0.523 |
  Cerebrovascular disease | 77 (11.6%) | 194 (6.0%) | < 0.001 | 64 (12.8%) | 154 (6.0%) | < 0.001 | 13 (7.9%) | 40 (5.9%) | 0.369 |
 Endocrine and metabolic disease | |||||||||
  Diabetes | 110 (16.6%) | 296 (9.1%) | < 0.001 | 86 (17.2%) | 237 (9.2%) | < 0.001 | 24 (14.6%) | 59 (8.7%) | 0.028 |
  Osteoporosis | 6 (0.9%) | 36 (1.1%) | 0.690 | 6 (1.2%) | 24 (0.9%) | 0.617 | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (1.8%) | 0.137 |
  Other malignant tumors | 12 (1.8%) | 54 (1.7%) | 0.869 | 10 (2.0%) | 47 (1.8%) | 0.856 | 2 (1.2%) | 7 (1.0%) | 0.690 |
Pre-admission non-drug therapy | |||||||||
 Pulmonary rehabilitation | 70 (10.5%) | 312 (9.6%) | 0.473 | 53 (10.6%) | 247 (9.6%) | 0.511 | 17 (10.4%) | 65 (9.6%) | 0.769 |
 Home oxygen therapy | 82 (12.3%) | 457 (14.1%) | 0.241 | 71 (14.2%) | 374 (14.6%) | 0.836 | 11 (6.7%) | 83 (12.2%) | 0.052 |
 Noninvasive ventilation | 10 (1.5%) | 38 (1.2%) | 0.561 | 8 (1.6%) | 31 (1.2%) | 0.511 | 2 (1.2%) | 7 (1.0%) | 0.690 |
Pre-admission medication | |||||||||
 LAMA | 227 (34.2%) | 1103 (34.0%) | 0.964 | 197 (39.4%) | 914 (35.6%) | 0.115 | 30 (18.3%) | 189 (27.9%) | 0.013 |
 LABA | 211 (31.8%) | 1035 (31.9%) | 0.964 | 183 (36.6%) | 850 (33.2%) | 0.148 | 28 (17.1%) | 185 (27.3%) | 0.009 |
 ICS | 229 (34.5%) | 1090 (33.6%) | 0.685 | 191 (38.2%) | 895 (34.9%) | 0.168 | 38 (23.2%) | 195 (28.8%) | 0.173 |
 OCS | 9 (1.4%) | 102 (3.1%) | 0.014 | 9 (1.8%) | 84 (3.3%) | 0.087 | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (2.7%) | 0.032 |