Fig. 4

ADSCs-Exo mitigated CS-induced pulmonary inflammation. The levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in the BALF and the supernatant of MH-S cells, including TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B) and CXCL1 (C), were determined by ELISA. Diff-Quik staining was performed to analyse the populations of AMs (black arrows), neutrophils (red arrows) and lymphocytes (white arrows) in the BALF (D–G). *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. CS-ADSCs-Exo