Table 1 General demographic characteristics of case and control

Age (year)

68 (61–77)

75 (66–81)

73 (65–81)

Sex (M/F)

101 (56.74%)/77 (43.26%)

430 (62.50%)/258 (37.50%)

101 (49.03%)/105 (50.97%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129.58 ± 16.97

130.85 ± 20.28

128.00 ± 17.77

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75.38 ± 10.99

76.60 ± 12.54

76.46 ± 12.21

Pulse rate (PR, beats /per minute)

80 ± 14

85 ± 14

87 ± 14

Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m²)

25 (23–28)

25 (22–28)

24 (21–28)

Smoking status (n, SD/%)

Smoking index (SI)

284.09 ± 496.40

223.27 ± 399.29

172.74 ± 346.47

Smoker

34 (19.10%)

88 (12.79%)

12 (5.83%)

Ex-smoker

35 (19.66%)

162 (23.55%)

45 (21.84%)

length of stay (LOS)

7 (6–8)

8 (7–11)

8 (7–10)

Complications

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

36 (20.22%)

158 (22.97%)

41 (19.90%)

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD)

46 (25.84%)

530 (77.03%)

61 (29.61%)

Hypertension

88 (49.43%)

404 (58.72%)

142 (68.93%)

History of cerebral infarction

39 (21.91%)

153 (22.24%)

27 (13.17%)

Procalcitonin (PCT, ng/mL)

0.03 (0.01–0.05)

0.05 (0.03–0.09)

0.05 (0.03–0.08)

C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L)

3.60 (1.57–6.54)

11.69 (4.08–36.28)

9.71 (3.50–25.30)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6, pg/mL)

4.93 (2.18–9.73)

9.52 (3.67–30.48)

8.54 (3.44–21.65)

Hemoglobin (g/L)

140 (128–150)

114 (118–144)

134 (116–150)

White blood cell count (WBC, × 10⁹ /L)

6.43 (5.65–7.84)

7.15 (5.83–9.06)

6.84 (5.41–8.34)

Red blood cell count (RBC,

 × 10¹² /L)

4.64 (4.21–4.97)

3.96 (4.41–4.85)

4.45 (3.98–5.04)

Red cell Ddistribution width (RDW, %)

13.2 (12.7–13.8)

13.5 (12.9–14.6)

13.9 (13.2–15.5)

Mean platelet volume (MPV, fL)

11.4 (10.1–12.9)

10.9 (10.0–12.6)

11.3 (10.3–12.8)

Fibrinogen degrdtion products (FDP, μg/mL)

1.01 (0.65–1.64)

1.83 (1.08–3.52)

2.05 (1.14–3.28)

D-Dimer (DD, ng/mL)

142 (85–241)

250 (148–488)

264 (154–501)

Albumin (ALB, g/L)

40.2 (37.7–43.8)

37.3 (33.6–41.1)

37.1 (33.2–40.7)

Abnormal albumin globulin ratio (A/G)

1.31 (1.13–1.56)

1.20 (1.06–1.39)

1.17 (1.03–1.348)

Triglyceride (TG, mmol/L)

1.35 (1.05–1.93)

1.12 (0.81–1.57)

1.08 (0.79–1.50)

Total cholesterol (TC, mmol/L)

3.96 (3.43–4.61)

3.63 (3.04–4.28)

3.66 (3.04–4.33)

High density lipoprotein cholesterol l(HDL-C, mmol/L)

1.03 (0.86–1.26)

1.04 (0.83–1.30)

1.04 (0.81–1.31)

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, mmol/L)

2.58 (2.01–3.15)

2.27 (1.77–2.84)

2.26 (1.74–2.91)

Total bilirubin (TBIL, μmol/L)

11.2 (8.4–14.7)

11.5 (8.8–15.5)

13.2 (9.5–18.8)

N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, pg/mL)

93.4 (3.59–316.69)

273.53 (83.31–1023.70)

Mild (n, %)

75 (36.41%)

Moderate (n, %)

81 (39.32%)

Severe (n, %)

50 (24.27%)

Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP, mmHg)

61 (48–76)

Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LEDV, mL)

46.57 ± 4.45

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %)

61.01 ± 5.76

Pulmonary artery internal dimension (PAD, mm)

28.92 ± 5.40