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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

From: Stability of blood eosinophils in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship to clinical outcomes: a prospective cohort study

Variables

Total cohort (n = 530)

Blood eosinophil count

LL (n = 381)

LH (n = 59)

HL (n = 32)

HH (n = 58)

P-value

Age (years)

68 (63–76)

69 (64–77)

67 (61–75)

66 (57–70)a

66 (61–72)a

0.002

Male

483 (91.1%)

354 (92.9%)

52 (88.1%)

25 (78.1%)a

52 (89.7%)

0.028

Body-mass index (kg/m2)

21.2 (18.7–24.1)

21.1 (18.5–24.2)

21.8 (19.1–24.2)

21.5 (20.1–23.4)

20.6 (18.3–23.5)

0.770

Smoking statusd

0.127

 Non-smoker

70 (13.3%)

43 (11.4%)

9 (15.3%)

9 (28.1%)

9 (15.5%)

 

 Ex-smoker

304 (57.8%)

218 (57.8%)

36 (61.0%)

14 (43.8%)

36 (62.1%)

 

 Current smoker

152 (28.9%)

116 (30.8%)

14 (23.7%)

9 (28.1%)

13 (22.4%)

 

 Post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted

32.1 (22.9–43.0)

33.3 (23.0–43.3)

34.1 (22.1–47.2)

31.4 (22.5–36.5)

30.5 (22.3–38.5)

0.337

 Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (%)

37.8 (31.0–48.3)

38.0 (31.1–50.0)

34.7 (27.6–48.9)

38.2 (32.2–46.6)

34.4 (31.2–41.0)

0.186

 6-Min walk test (m)

127.0 (10.0–300.0)

120.0 (10.0–307.0)

105.0 (0.0–256.8)

192.0 (50.0–296.3)

180.0 (50.0–304.5)

0.692

 mMRC

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

3 (3–4)

3 (3–4)

0.406

 CAT

24 (18–29)

24 (18–28)

22 (19–30)

26 (21–30)

25 (18–30)

0.779

 Exacerbations in the previous year

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–4)

0.238

Pre-admission medicatione

 LAMA

238 (45.3%)

169 (44.5%)

28 (50.0%)

14 (43.8%)

27 (47.4%)

0.872

 LABA

308 (58.7%)

219 (57.6%)

33 (58.9%)

19 (59.4%)

37 (64.9%)

0.784

 ICS

302 (57.5%)

216 (56.8%)

33 (58.9%)

18 (56.3%)

35 (61.4%)

0.920

 Systemic corticosteroids

54 (10.3%)

37 (9.7%)

8 (14.3%)

2 (6.3%)

7 (12.3%)

0.588

Co-morbidity

 Pneumonia

101 (19.1%)

72 (18.9%)

14 (23.7%)

5 (15.6%)

10 (17.2%)

0.767

 Asthma

51 (9.6%)

30 (7.9%)

8 (13.6%)

9 (28.1%)a

4 (6.9%)c

0.002

 Hypertension

200 (37.7%)

145 (38.1%)

22 (37.3%)

11 (34.4%)

22 (37.9%)

0.985

 Ischaemic heart disease

90 (17.0%)

67 (17.6%)

8 (13.6%)

2 (6.3%)

13 (22.4%)

0.219

 Diabetes

72 (13.6%)

55 (14.4%)

5 (8.5%)

4 (12.5%)

8 (13.8%)

0.671

 Cerebrovascular accident

36 (6.8%)

31 (8.1%)

4 (6.8%)

1 (3.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.078

 Respiratory failure

232 (43.8%)

174 (45.7%)

24 (40.7%)

10 (31.3%)

24 (41.4%)

0.401

 Systemic corticosteroids during admission

438 (82.6%)

316 (82.9%)

47 (79.7%)

28 (87.5%)

47 (81.0%)

0.806

Respiratory support during admission

 Oxygen therapy

370 (69.8%)

264 (69.3%)

41 (69.5%)

21 (65.6%)

44 (75.9%)

0.727

 NIV

238 (44.9%)

179 (47.0%)

26 (44.1%)

13 (40.6%)

20 (34.5%)

0.325

 IMV

10 (1.9%)

5 (1.3%)

4 (6.8%)a

1 (3.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.033

 ICU during admission

71 (13.4%)

53 (13.9%)

15 (25.4%)a

1 (3.1%)b

2 (3.4%)a, b

0.002

  1. Data are presented as n (%) or median (IQR). aCompared with the LL group, P < 0.05. bCompared with the LH group, P < 0.05. cCompared with the HL group, P < 0.05. dSmoking status has 4 missing values. ePre-admission medication has 5 missing values
  2. FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, CAT COPD Assessment Test, LAMA long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist, LABA long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, NIV noninvasive ventilation, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, ICU intensive care unit
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