From: Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Characteristics | Healthy (n = 73) | COPD I–II (n = 67) | COPD III–IV (n = 32) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 59.7 ± 9.4 | 62.7 ± 6.7 | 61.5 ± 6.6 | NS |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.6 ± 2.9 | 22.7 ± 3.6 | 20.8 ± 2.7 | < 0.01abc |
Smoking index (pack-yr) | 18.3 ± 23.4 | 40.8 ± 28.8 | 42.8 ± 30.2 | < 0.01ab |
Smoking status, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001ab |
 Never smoker | 38 (52.05%) | 0 | 0 | – |
 Current smoker | 20 (27.40%) | 48 (71.64%) | 17 (53.10%) | < 0.001 |
 Ex-smoker | 15 (20.55%) | 19 (28.36%) | 15 (46.90%) | < 0.001 |
Occupation, n (%) | ||||
 Manual work in industry | 14 (19.18%) | 12 (17.91%) | 3 (9.38%) | 0.809 |
 Manual work in service | 10 (13.70%) | 11 (16.42%) | 3 (9.38%) | |
 Farmer | 40 (54.79%) | 33 (49.25%) | 20 (62.50%) | |
 Professionals | 4 (5.48%) | 7 (10.45%) | 4 (12.50%) | |
 Others | 5 (6.85%) | 4 (5.97%) | 2 (6.24%) | |
CAT score | – | 8 (3,11) | 18 (14,24) | < 0.001c |
MMRC score | – | 1 (0,1) | 3 (2,3) | < 0.001c |
FEV1 (L) | 2.80 ± 0.56 | 2.07 ± 0.52 | 0.96 ± 0.34 | < 0.001abc |
FEV1% | 95.07 ± 14.53 | 73.88 ± 16.72 | 34.35 ± 9.91 | < 0.001abc |
FVC (L) | 3.66 ± 0.68 | 3.44 ± 0.65 | 2.31 ± 0.53 | < 0.001bc |
FVC% | 99.73 ± 13.90 | 97.13 ± 15.44 | 66.53 ± 12.63 | < 0.001bc |
FEV1/FVC% | 76.22 ± 6.32 | 60.09 ± 8.64 | 42.82 ± 10.95 | < 0.001abc |