Fig. 2

A 65-year-old male patient with known tuberculosis and prior right-upper lobe lung wedge resection now presenting with aspergillosis and hemoptysis. Preprocedural contrast-enhanced chest CT scans show a hypertrophic change of (A) left bronchial artery (white arrow), B right bronchial artery (gray arrow), and C aberrant left bronchial artery form left vertebral artery (arrowhead). Selective bronchial angiograms show hypertrophic change in (D) left bronchial artery, E right bronchial artery, and F aberrant left bronchial artery form left vertebral artery with hyperemic strains. The pre-procedural CT is consistent with the angiography findings. All hypertrophic arteries were embolized with the use of PVA and NBCA. Postembolization angiography shows no residual bleeding foci. The patient was uneventful during the follow-up period (2365 days)