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Table 1 Study population demographics

From: Up-regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in asthmatics on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids

Parameters

Controls

Asthmatics

p value

All

ICS‾

ICS+

All asthmatics vs controls

Asthmatics ICS− vs ICS+

N

29

57

38

19

  

Sex (male/female)

11/18

30/27

25/13

5/14

 > 0.1

 < 0.005

Age

38 ± 11

33 ± 11

31 ± 10

36 ± 11

 < 0.04

 > 0.08

Ethnicity (AA/E/H/O)1

13/8/4/4

31/10/13/3

24/5/6/3

7/5/7/0

 > 0.5

 > 0.2

BMI (kg/m2)

26 ± 4

27 ± 4

27 ± 5

27 ± 4

 > 0.09

 > 0.9

IgE (IU/mL)

38 ± 37

471 ± 674

509 ± 774

394 ± 417

 < 0.002

 > 0.5

Eosinophils

(absolute, × 103/uL)

0.1 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

 < 10–4

 > 0.9

Lung function2

      

 FVC (% predicted)

112 ± 12

102 ± 14

103 ± 13

101 ± 18

 < 0.002

 > 0.7

 FEV1 (% predicted)

109 ± 11

87 ± 13

88 ± 13

84 ± 13

 < 10–11

 > 0.3

 FEV1 response to ronchodilators (% change)

8 ± 2

11 ± 8

11 ± 8

12 ± 10

 < 0.006

 > 0.5

 FEV1/FVC

(% observed)

81 ± 4

71 ± 9

72 ± 8

70 ± 9

 < 10–6

 > 0.4

 TLC (% predicted)

102 ± 16

103 ± 15

103 ± 15

103 ± 16

 > 0.7

 > 0.8

 DLCO (% predicted)

90 ± 8

89 ± 11

89 ± 12

88 ± 10

 > 0.6

 > 0.5

Asthma severity

(mild/mod/sev)3

N/A

29/23/5

25/10/3

4/13/2

N/A

 < 0.02

LAE asthma-related genes4

      

 CLCA1

2 ± 11

27 ± 59

26 ± 45

30 ± 82

 < 10–6 (12.0)

 > 0.1

 SERPINB2

5 ± 5

30 ± 36

32 ± 34

27 ± 41

 < 10–6 (3.9)

 > 0.3

 POSTN

16 ± 15

63 ± 66

74 ± 73

40 ± 41

 < 10–5 (3.2)

 < 0.03 (2.0)

  1. Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation; p value calculated using a Student’s t-test for numerical parameters or a chi-square test for categorical parameters; all subjects were HIV negative, nonsmokers, and had normal levels of α1-antitrypsin (see Inclusion/Exclusion criteria in Additional file 1 for details); controls = healthy nonsmoker controls, ICS− = nonsmoker asthmatics not treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), ICS+  = nonsmoker asthmatics treated with maintenance ICS
  2. 1AA African-American; E European; H Hispanic; O Other
  3. 2Lung function parameters are presented as pre-bronchodilator values and as percent predicted except the FEV1/FVC ratio, which is presented as % observed; FEV1 response to bronchodilators was calculated based on FEV1 post vs pre-bronchodilators (% change); FVC forced vital capacity; FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s; TLC total lung capacity; DLCO diffusion capacity, DLCO was corrected for hemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin [35]
  4. 3Mod moderate, sev severe, N/A  not applicable
  5. 4Large airway epithelium (LAE) gene expression was assessed by microarray (Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0) for genes expressed in ≥ 20% of the subjects in either compared group; additional LAE asthma-related genes [24]; IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were expressed in < 20% of the subjects, therefore were not compared between the groups; all asthmatics vs controls were compared using 2-way ANCOVA (age was a co-variant), significant genes were up-regulated in asthmatics vs controls; asthmatics ICS− vs ICS+ were compared using 2-way ANCOVA (sex was a co-variant), significant genes were up-regulated in ICS− vs ICS+; the fold-change is detailed in brackets for genes with a significant p value (p value < 0.05 was considered significant)
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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