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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Triple versus LAMA/LABA combination therapy for patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  1. Moderate exacerbation is defined as requiring antibiotics and/or oral steroids, and severe exacerbation is defined as requiring hospitalization
  2. FEV1  forced expiratory volume in 1 s, yrs years, PY  pack-years, CAT  COPD Assessment Test, ND  not demonstrated