Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics in the prespecified study period and post hoc extension study period

From: Real-world effectiveness of early intervention with fixed-dose tiotropium/olodaterol vs tiotropium in Japanese patients with COPD: a high-dimensional propensity score–matched cohort analysis

Variable

Prespecified study period

(1 April 2015 to 31 March 2019)

Post hoc extension period

(1 April 2015 to 31 March 2020)

hdPS-matched cohort

Unmatched cohort

hdPS-matched cohort

Unmatched cohort

Tio

n = 1302

Tio/Olo

n = 1302

Tio

n = 5352

Tio/Olo

n = 1436

Tio

n = 1723

Tio/Olo

n = 1723

Tio

n = 6505

Tio/Olo

n = 1860

Age at cohort entry, mean (SD), years

75.1 (8.9)

75.2 (8.5)

75.6 (8.9)

75.2 (8.4)

75.6 (8.8)

75.4 (8.5)

75.6 (8.9)

75.4 (8.5)

Male, n (%)

1140 (87.6)

1148 (88.2)

4573 (85.4)

1273 (88.6)

1524 (88.5)

1520 (88.2)

5543 (85.2)

1649 (88.7)

Year of cohort entry, n (%)

        

 2015 + 2016

86 (6.6)

97 (7.5)

2196 (41.0)

99 (6.9)

86 (5.0)

84 (4.9)

2227 (34.2)

84 (4.5)

 2017

586 (45.0)

581 (44.6)

1815 (33.9)

617 (43.0)

527 (30.6)

528 (30.6)

1860 (28.6)

546 (29.4)

 2018

594 (45.6)

590 (45.3)

1282 (24.0)

679 (47.3)

566 (32.8)

569 (33.0)

1415 (21.8)

605 (32.5)

 2019

36 (2.8)

34 (2.6)

59 (1.1)

41 (2.9)

519 (30.1)

517 (30.0)

955 (14.7)

595 (32.0)

Hospital size by bed number, n (%)

        

 < 199 beds

144 (11.1)

129 (9.9)

706 (13.2)

138 (9.6)

175 (10.2)

162 (9.4)

885 (13.6)

171 (9.2)

 200–499 beds

685 (52.6)

709 (54.5)

3031 (56.6)

760 (52.9)

924 (53.6)

929 (53.9)

3640 (56.0)

980 (52.7)

 ≥ 500 beds

472 (36.3)

462 (35.5)

1575 (29.4)

536 (37.3)

622 (36.1)

630 (36.6)

1937 (29.8)

707 (38.0)

Blood eosinophil count %, mean (SD)a

2.69 (2.56)b

2.89 (2.71)b

3.07 (3.13)c

2.93 (2.84)c

2.94 (3.28)d

2.99 (2.83)d

3.05 (3.28)e

2.93 (2.79)e

Respiratory events and medications, n (%)

        

 All-cause hospitalization

524 (40.2)

535 (41.1)

2013 (37.6)

617 (43.0)

742 (43.1)

745 (43.2)

2507 (38.5)

846 (45.5)

 Hospitalization due to respiratory condition

475 (36.5)

485 (37.3)

1798 (33.6)

560 (39.0)

660 (38.3)

670 (38.9)

2240 (34.4)

762 (41.0)

 Cough and cold preparations

366 (28.1)

364 (28.0)

1240 (23.2)

436 (30.4)

485 (28.1)

477 (27.7)

1489 (22.9)

552 (29.7)

 Oral/injected corticosteroids

220 (16.9)

219 (16.8)

711 (13.3)

263 (18.3)

289 (16.8)

291 (16.9)

860 (13.2)

337 (18.1)

 COPD exacerbations

181 (13.9)

166 (12.7)

530 (9.9)

192 (13.4)

221 (12.8)

220 (12.8)

643 (9.9)

256 (13.8)

 COPD exacerbations + oral/injected corticosteroids

131 (10.1)

130 (10.0)

384 (7.2)

148 (10.3)

163 (9.5)

183 (10.6)

466 (7.2)

205 (11.0)

Other concomitant therapy, n (%)

        

 Antihypertensives/diuretics

443 (34.0)

457 (35.1)

1738 (32.5)

520 (36.2)

635 (36.9)

629 (36.5)

2175 (33.4)

708 (38.1)

 Antithrombotic agents (including aspirin/DOAC)

382 (29.3)

391 (30.0)

1523 (28.5)

460 (32.0)

528 (30.6)

531 (30.8)

1909 (29.3)

601 (32.3)

 Antiepileptics/psycholeptics/psychoanaleptics (hypnotics/sedatives)f

325 (25.0)

315 (24.2)

1188 (22.2)

371 (25.8)

439 (25.5)

431 (25.0)

1475 (22.7)

497 (26.7)

 Hypnotics/sedatives (N5B)g

207 (15.9)

206 (15.8)

768 (14.3)

244 (17.0)

292 (17.0)

294 (17.1)

960 (14.8)

330 (17.7)

 Lipid-lowering agents

182 (14.0)

189 (14.5)

698 (13.0)

208 (14.5)

268 (15.6)

259 (15.0)

893 (13.7)

290 (15.6)

 Antirheumatics, non-steroidal

172 (13.2)

171 (13.1)

653 (12.2)

215 (15.0)

240 (13.9)

227 (13.2)

771 (11.9)

269 (14.5)

Comorbidities before cohort entry, n (%)

        

 Hypertension

237 (18.2)

253 (19.4)

1069 (20.0)

288 (20.1)

339 (19.7)

354 (20.5)

1332 (20.5)

394 (21.2)

 Pneumonia

246 (18.9)

244 (18.7)

911 (17.0)

286 (19.9)

339 (19.7)

344 (20.0)

1119 (17.2)

399 (21.5)

 Heart failure

200 (15.4)

203 (15.6)

821 (15.3)

229 (15.9)

265 (15.4)

274 (15.9)

1017 (15.6)

297 (16.0)

 Any cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer)

147 (11.3)

145 (11.1)

469 (8.8)

178 (12.4)

208 (12.1)

204 (11.8)

580 (8.9)

236 (12.7)

 Gastroesophageal reflux disease

141 (10.8)

142 (10.9)

672 (12.6)

165 (11.5)

198 (11.5)

211 (12.2)

796 (12.2)

235 (12.6)

 Type 2 diabetes mellitus

131 (10.1)

126 (9.7)

481 (9.0)

151 (10.5)

184 (10.7)

188 (10.9)

594 (9.1)

215 (11.6)

 Chronic bronchitis

65 (5.0)

74 (5.7)

264 (4.9)

86 (6.0)

79 (4.6)

89 (5.2)

314 (4.8)

100 (5.4)

  1. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DOAC direct oral anticoagulant, hdPS high-dimensional propensity score, n number of patients, SD standard deviation, Tio tiotropium, Tio/Olo tiotropium/olodaterol
  2. aBlood eosinophil count was not included in the hdPS models
  3. bData only included for 50 (3.8%) patients in the tiotropium group and 68 (5.2%) patients in the tiotropium/olodaterol group
  4. cData only included for 178 (3.3%) patients in the tiotropium group and 76 (5.3%) patients in the tiotropium/olodaterol group
  5. dData only included for 63 (3.7%) patients in the tiotropium group and 81 (4.7%) patients in the tiotropium/olodaterol group
  6. eData only included for 211 (3.2%) patients in the tiotropium group and 85 (4.6%) patients in the tiotropium/olodaterol group
  7. fIncludes hypnotics/sedatives
  8. gNot included in the hdPS models