Patients’ treatment limitations as predictive factor for mortality in COVID-19: results from hospitalized patients of a hotspot region for SARS-CoV-2 infections

Table 2 Patients’ characteristics including comparison of patients with or without any treatment limitation (PTL)

Variable	All patients (n = 526)		No limitation (n = 300)		Any limitation (n = 226)		p-value
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Symptoms
Cough	235	44.7	161	53.7	74	32.7	< 0.001
Sputum	33	6.3	18	6.0	15	6.6	0.856
Sore throat	13	2.5	12	4.0	1	0.4	0.009
Fever/chills	278	52.9	169	56.3	109	48.2	0.078
Diarrhoea	73	13.9	50	16.7	23	10.2	0.041
Nausea	28	5.3	15	5.0	13	5.8	0.700
Loss of appetite	70	13.3	31	10.3	39	17.3	0.027
Fatigue	179	34	100	33.2	79	35.0	0.711
Dyspnea	268	51	158	52.7	110	48.7	0.379
Headache	58	11	52	17.3	6	2.7	< 0.001
Loss of smell/taste	38	7.2	30	10.0	8	3.5	0.006
Comorbidity
Systemic hypertension	266	50.6	117	39.0	149	65.9	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	122	23.2	54	18	68	30.1	0.002
Left-heart failure	157	29.8	58	19.3	99	43.8	< 0.001
Coronary heart disease	95	18.1	41	13.7	54	23.9	0.003
Atrial fibrillation	101	19.2	37	12.3	64	28.3	< 0.001
Cardiovascular disease	216	41.1	83	27.7	133	58.8	< 0.001
COPD	51	9.7	21	7.0	30	13.3	0.018
Asthma	21	4.0	15	5.0	6	2.7	0.260
Obstructive airway disease	66	12.5	34	11.3	32	14.2	0.354
Lung fibrosis	9	1.7	6	2.0	3	1.3	0.739
Autoimmune disorder	24	4.6	13	4.3	11	4.9	0.834
Malignant disease	105	20	33	11.0	72	31.9	< 0.001
Renal disease	127	24.1	39	13.0	88	38.9	< 0.001
Hepatic disease	51	9.7	26	8.7	25	11.1	0.375
Cerebrovascular disease	86	16.3	34	11.3	51	22.6	< 0.001
Dementia	79	15.0	8	2.7	71	31.4	< 0.001
PAD	37	7.0	14	4.7	23	10.2	0.016
VTE	24	4.6	14	4.7	10	4.4	1.000
Depression/psychiatric disease	87	16.5	41	13.7	46	20.4	0.044
Other diseases	358	68.1	193	64.3	165	73.0	0.038

Bold p-values represent statistical significance (< 0.05)
Cardiovascular disease: At least one of the cardiac comorbidities (see text); COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Obstructive airway disease: At least one of the two comorbidities (see text); PAD: peripheral artery disease; VTE: venous thromboembolism

ISSN: 1465-993X