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Fig. 4 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 4

From: Mechanical ventilation enhances Acinetobacter baumannii-induced lung injury through JNK pathways

Fig. 4

Mechanical ventilation reduces bacteria-killing activity and activity of alveolar macrophages (AMs). a The production of TNF-α by AMs was significantly increased after ex vivo stimulation with A. baumannii (A.b.) or P. aeruginosa (P.a.). P.a. induced three-folds production of TNF-α by AMs compared with that of A.b. After ventilation, TNF-α production by AMs were all decreased with or without stimulation by A.b. or P.a. AMs isolated from mice were ex vivo stimulated with A.b. or P.a. (106 CFU) for 4 h and the supernatants were examined. The concentrations of TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. n = 5/group. b The bacteria-killing ability of AMs isolated after ventilation was markedly decreased compared with the control group. The killing ability against A.b. was constantly and significantly lower than against P.a. before or after ventilation. BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, MV mechanical ventilation, TNF tumor necrosis factor, NS normal saline. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. n = 5–6/group

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