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Table 1 Frequent comorbidities and medical conditions in IPF patients

From: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis beyond the lung: understanding disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and management

Pulmonary

Extrapulmonary

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Coronary artery disease

Emphysema

Anxiety and depression

Obstructive sleep apnoea

Deconditioning & sarcopenia

Lung cancer

Osteoporosis and bone fractures

Venous thromboembolism

Diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Gastro-oesophageal reflux