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Table 4 Factors associated with symptoms of dysphagia in patients with OSA (N = 794): a multivariate analysis

From: Dysphagia symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea: prevalence and clinical correlates

 

OR (CI 95%)

p

Age

1.01 (0.98–1.02)

0.623

Gender (F)

2.31 (1.44–3.70)

0.001

AHI severity

 

0.366

 Mild vs moderate/severe

0.70 (0.41–1.19)

0.188

 Moderate vs mild/severe

0.75 (0.43–1.32)

0.322

ESS ≥ 10

2.24 (1.38–3.63)

0.001

GERD-Q ≥ 8

2.75 (1.70–4.45)

 < 0.001

N comorbidities

0.99 (0.83–1.20)

0.985

N symptoms

1.25 (1.08–1.45)

0.002

Anxiety/Depression

1.89 (1.17–3.06)

0.009

Diabetes mellitus

1.89 (0.93–3.82)

0.078

Thyroid diseases

0.84 (0.44–1.62)

0.601

Hiatal hernia

0.94 (0.48–1.82)

0.848

Gastric ulcer/Gastritis

1.67 (0.92–3.05)

0.093

Rhinitis/Rhinosinusitis

1.16 (0.58–2.35)

0.675

Neurological diseasesa

1.52 (0.67–3.48)

0.321

  1. aOther than neurological diseases used as exclusion criteria
  2. Significant associations are reported in bold. Data are reported as OR (CI 95%). The model correctly classified 87% of the patients
  3. F, female; AHI, apnea–hypopnea index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale