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Fig. 1 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 1

From: Adhatoda Vasica attenuates inflammatory and hypoxic responses in preclinical mouse models: potential for repurposing in COVID-19-like conditions

Fig. 1

AV reduces the bleomycin and CLP induced inflammatory features of mice lungs. a Schematic representation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model of mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with bleomycin on day 0 by the intratracheal route. After genesis of fibrosis features, Bleo mice therapeutically treated with AV-D2 dose (130mg/kg) from day 18–21. On day 22, mice sacrificed to collect the sample as described in methods.  ELISA for b TGF-β1 c and HIF-1α levels in mice lung homogenate. d Representative photomicrographs of fixed mouse lung tissue sections stained with Masson’s Trichome (MT) (10× magnification). Positive staining indicated by black arrow. e Schematic representation of Cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) mice model protocol. Two days before the CLP surgery, Cyclo A (15 mg/kg) and AV-D2 (130 mg/kg) treatment was started, on day 0 CLP was done and after 4 hours of surgery Cyclo A (15 mg/kg) and AV-D2 (130 mg/kg) treatment was done and continued till mice survive (‘n’ hours). To assess cytokines levels and lung histology after CLP,  3-4 mice from each group was sacrificed after 20 hours of CLP as described in methods. f HIF-1α g IL-6 h and IFN-g levels in mice lung homogenate after 20 hours of surgery. i Representative photomicrographs of fixed mouse lung tissue sections stained with H&E (4× magnification) to asses lung inflammation (indicated by black arrow) and associated blood exudation (indicated by red arrow). j Survival curve study for 142 hours in CLP induced sepsis mouse. k Number of hour’s survival plotted for each group showing % survival after 24 and 142 hours in bracket (n= 5-9).Data are shown as mean ±SEM of three to five mice per group. Significance denoted by *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001 and ****P≤0.0001 and determined  by  ordinary one-way ANOVA) using GraphPad. ns represents the non-significant. Significance of survival curve was determined by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test using GraphPad

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