Table 2 Predictive factors of overall mortality in the entire population of IPF patients treated with antifibrotics
| Â | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Sex | Female | – | – | – | – |
|  | Male | 1.33 (0.51–3.49) | 0.55 | – | – |
Age at diagnosis (years) |  < 70 | – | – | – | – |
|  |  ≥ 70 | 1.26 (0.61–2.58) | 0.52 | – | – |
BMI (kg/m2) |  < 26 | – | – | – | – |
 ≥ 26 | 0.85 (0.41–1.73) | 0.66 | – | – | |
Smoking history (packyears) |  < 10 | – | – | – | – |
 ≥ 10 | 1.72 (0.83–3.59) | 0.14 | – | – | |
Smoking status | No | – | – | – | – |
Current | 1.91 (0.36–10.01) | 0.44 | – | – | |
Former | 1.93 (0.76–4.88) | 0.16 | – | – | |
Gastroesophageal reflux | No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 0.26 (0.11–0.64) | 0.003 | 0.11 (0.09–1.6) | 0.1 | |
Cardiovascular diseases | No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 1.57 (0.69–3.56) | 0.27 | – | – | |
Metabolic syndrome | No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 0.90 (0.42–1.92) | 0.79 | – | – | |
Treatment type | Nintedanib | – |  | – | – |
Pirfenidone | 2.27 (0.78–6.60) | 0.13 | – | – | |
MUC5B rs35705950 | TT/TG | – | – | – | – |
GG | 2.39 (1.12–5.06) | 0.02 | 1.75 (0.09–31.8) | 0.7 | |
Respiratory failure at rest (months) |  ≥ 26 | – | – | – | – |
 < 26 | 9.44 (4.10–21.77) |  < 0.0001 | 36.7 (2.83–47.7) | 0.006 | |
Respiratory failure on effort (months) |  ≥ 19 | – | – | – | – |
 < 19 | 4.54 (2.06–10.00) |  < 0.0001 | 4.96 (0.45–53.8) | 0.18 | |
Nausea and vomiting during treatment | No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 0.64 (0.24–1.68) | 0.37 | – | – | |
Weight loss during treatment (Kg) | No | – | – | – | – |
Yes | 0.96 (0.39–2.34) | 0.93 | – | – | |
Diarrhea during treatment | No | – | – | – | – |
yes | 0.17 (0.04–0.74) | 0.02 | 0.45 (0.04–4.73) | 0.5 | |
Increase in AST and ALT | No | – | – | – | – |
|  | Yes | 6.42 (0.78–52.41) | 0.08 | – | – |
FVC at treatment initiation (L) |  ≥ 2.60 | – | – | – | – |
 < 2.60 | 3.03 (1.42–6.48) | 0.004 | 77.2 (2.99–199.0) | 0.009 | |
FVC at treatment initiation (%) |  ≥ 77 | – | – | – | – |
|  |  < 77 | 1.80 (0.87–3.71) | 0.11 | – | – |
TLC at treatment initiation (%) |  ≥ 73 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  < 73 | 1.89 (0.90–3.74) | 0.09 |  |  |
DLCO at treatment initiation (%) |  ≥ 56 | – | – | – | – |
 < 56 | 1.30 (0.64–2.65) | 0.45 | – | – | |
FVC after 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (L) |  ≥ 2.56 | – | – | – | – |
 < 2.56 | 2.25 (1.08–4.94) | 0.04 | 0.16 (0.01–2.21) | 0.17 | |
FVC decline in 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (ml) |  < 50 | – | – | – | – |
 ≥ 50) | 1.13 (0.52–2.47) | 0.74 | – | – | |
FVC after 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (%) |  ≥ 78 | – | – | – | – |
 < 78) | 2.61 (1.10–6.19) | 0.03 | 0.68 (0.10–4.23) | 0.68 | |
FVC decline in 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (%) |  < 1.02 | – | – | – | – |
 ≥ 1.02 | 1.44 (0.67–3.12) | 0.34 | – | – | |
Disease progression | Stables | – | – | – | – |
Progressors | 2.12 (0.90–4.98) | 0.08 | – | – | |
TLC after 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (%) |  ≥ 69 | – | – | – | – |
 < 69 | 2.30 (1.04–5.08) | 0.04 | 7.07 (0.95–52.66) | 0.56 | |
TLC decline in 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (%) |  < 3.02 | – | – | – | – |
 ≥ 3.02 | 1.96 (0.85–4.49) | 0.11 | – | – | |
DLCO after 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (%) |  ≥ 54 | – | – | – | – |
 < 54 | 1.47 (0.67–3.21) | 0.33 | – | – | |
DLCO decline in 1-yr of antifibrotic drug (%) |  < 0 | – | – | – | – |
 ≥ 0 | 1.52 (0.69–3.35) | 0.3 | – | – | |