Whole-body vibration training versus conventional balance training in patients with severe COPD—a randomized, controlled trial

Table 3 Changes in outcome measures following 3 weeks of PR with whole body vibration (WBV) balance training or conventional balance training

	WBV balance training (n=24)	p	conventional balance training (n=24)	p	Between group difference	p	Effect size Cohen´s d
Balance tests
Semi tandem stance/eyes closed, APL [mm]	− 168 (− 265–71)	<0.001	1 (− 100–102)	0.627	167 (32–305)	0.032	0.72
Romberg stance/eyes closed, APL [mm]	− 38 (− 80–4)	0.103	41 (− 19–101)	0.241	78 (7–150)	0.073	0.02
One-leg stance/eyes open, APL [mm]	− 150 (− 269–− 31)	0.005	2 (− 88–91)	0.744	152 (4–300)	0.017	0.68
Exercise performance tests
6MWD, m	47.9 (28.2–67.5)	<0.001	38.4 (24.6–52.2)	<0.001	− 9.5 (− 33.0–14.0)	0.250	0.23
Knee extension, peak force [N]	35.1 (16.6–53.6)	0.001	25.9 (15.3–36.4)	<0.001	− 9.2 (− 29.4–10.9)	0.406	0.28
Countermovement jump [W/kg]	2.3 (1.1–3.4)	0.001	− 0.1 (− 0.9–0.8)	0.879	− 2.3 (− 3.7–− 1.0)	0.001	1.02
5-repetition sit-to-stand test [sec.]	− 2.5 (− 3.7–− 1.2)	0.001	− 1.6 (− 3.0–− 0.2)	0.012	0.9 (− 0.9–2.8)	0.072	0.30
1 min sit-to-stand test [rep]	3.6 (2.3–4.9)	<0.001	2.7 (1.2–4.3)	0.004	− 0.9 (− 2.9–1.1)	0.740	0.26
4 m gait speed test [m/s²]	0.08 (0.02–0.14)	0.018	0.01 (− 0.04–0.06)	0.715	− 0.07 (− 0.15–0.01)	0.107	0.56

Values are presented as mean and 95% CI
6MWD 6 minute walk distance, APL absolute path length, BMI Body-Mass-Index

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