Table 2 Severity of illness at RRS activation and interventions by RRS team
Variables | Total | Early | Late | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
patients | deterioration | deterioration | ||
(N = 11,612) | (N = 5779) | (N = 5833) | ||
Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 83 (66–98) | 82 (66–97) | 83 (66–98) | 0.289 |
Heart rate (rate/min) | 102 (84–120) | 100 (82–120) | 104 (86–122) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (rate/min) | 22 (18–28) | 22 (18–28) | 22 (18–28) | 0.46 |
Body temperature (°C) | 36.9 (36.5–37.6) | 36.9 (36.5–37.6) | 36.9 (36.5–37.6) | 0.36 |
Alert mental status | 7968 (68.6%) | 4204 (72.8%) | 3764 (64.5%) | < 0.001 |
Need for supplementary oxygen therapy | 6880 (59.3%) | 3339 (57.8%) | 3541 (60.7%) | 0.001 |
MEWS | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.001 |
NEWS2 | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–10) | 8 (5–10) | < 0.001 |
SOFA scorea | 5 (3–7) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–8) | < 0.001 |
Intervention of RRS team | ||||
Tracheal intubation | 1525 (13.1%) | 720 (12.5%) | 805 (13.8%) | 0.032 |
Mechanical ventilation | 1400 (12.1%) | 655 (11.3%) | 745 (12.8%) | 0.017 |
High flow nasal cannula | 900 (7.8%) | 458 (7.9%) | 442 (7.6%) | 0.484 |
Noninvasive ventilation | 172 (1.5%) | 103 (1.8%) | 69 (1.2%) | 0.008 |
Renal replacement therapy | 499 (4.3%) | 241 (4.2%) | 258 (4.4%) | 0.501 |
ACLS including CPR | 453 (3.9%) | 201 (3.5%) | 252 (4.3%) | 0.019 |
ECLS | 49 (0.4%) | 26 (0.5%) | 23 (0.4%) | 0.644 |
Central venous catheter | 831 (7.2%) | 415 (7.2%) | 416 (7.1%) | 0.918 |
Antimicrobial therapy | 745 (6.4%) | 325 (5.6%) | 420 (7.2%) | 0.001 |
Vasopressor/inotrope | 1443 (12.4%) | 705 (12.2%) | 738 (12.7%) | 0.46 |
Transfusion | 659 (5.7%) | 307 (5.3%) | 352 (6.0%) | 0.093 |
Discussion regarding | 1226 (10.6%) | 541 (9.4%) | 685 (11.7%) | < 0.001 |
do-not-resuscitate order |