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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included participants by baseline metformin use (n = 3969)

From: Metformin use and respiratory outcomes in asthma-COPD overlap

Characteristic [N (%) or Mean ± SD]

Metformin Non-Users (n = 3728)

Metformin Users (n = 241)

p-value

Age

63.4 ± 8.5

65.7 ± 7.5

 < 0.01

Female gender

1703 (46)

82 (34)

 < 0.01

Black race

747 (20)

43 (18)

0.4

GOLD stage

   

 GOLD 1

650 (17)

34 (14)

 

 GOLD 2

1602 (43)

107 (44)

0.2

 GOLD 3

980 (26)

75 (31)

 

 GOLD 4

496 (13)

25 (10)

 

Post-bronchodilator FEV1pp

57.3 ± 22.7

56.5 ± 20.7

0.6

Current smoker

1513 (41)

72 (30)

 < 0.01

Body mass index

   

 Underweight

103 (3)

1 (1)

 

 Normal/overweight

2508 (67)

94 (39)

 < 0.01

 Obese

1117 (30)

146 (61)

 

Exacerbation in prior year

1266 (34)

97 (40)

0.05

Physician-diagnosed asthma

818 (22)

59 (25)

0.4

Before age 40

471 (13)

39 (16)

0.1

Medications

   

 Inhaled corticosteroids

390 (11)

27 (12)

0.7

 Oral corticosteroids

165 (5)

10 (4)

0.9

 Insulin

18 (1)

5 (2)

0.01

 Other diabetes medication

83 (2)

103 (43)

 < 0.01

Comorbidities

   

 Comorbidity count

2.3 ± 1.7

4.1 ± 1.7

 < 0.01

 Coronary artery disease

327 (9)

48 (20)

 < 0.01

 Congestive heart failure

153 (4)

18 (8)

0.01

 Stroke

125 (3)

10 (4)

0.5

  Hypertension

1735 (47)

179 (74)

 < 0.01

High cholesterol

1522 (41)

171 (71)

 < 0.01

  1. GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, FEV1pp forced expired volume in one second, percent predicted