Fig. 1
From: Metformin use and respiratory outcomes in asthma-COPD overlap
Incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of metformin users compared to non-users stratified by presence of asthma diagnosed by a doctor before age 40. Models are adjusted for age, sex, race, education, post-bronchodilator FEV1 percent predicted, self-reported respiratory exacerbation in the prior 12 months (yes/no), smoking status, body mass index, inhaled corticosteroid use, oral corticosteroid use, other diabetes medication use, and comorbidity count. The p-value shown is for the interaction representing effect modification of Asthma-COPD overlap status on the association of metformin use with exacerbation rate