Table 2 Subgroup analysis of the pooled prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in the IPF patients
Virus | No. of studies | Pooled prevalence % (95% C.I) % | Heterogeneity test (I2, P-value) | Publication bias (Begg's test, P-value; Egger's test, P-value) | Effect model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCV | 3 | 10.35 (2.29–23.23) | (83.7%; P-value = 0.002) | (Begg's Test, 0.30; Egger's test, 0.19) | Random |
CMV | 12 | 48.09 (19.53–77.35) | (98.3%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.73; Egger's test, 0.80) | Random |
HSV | 4 | 77.7 (38.48–99.32) | (94.8%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.73; Egger's test, 0.63) | Random |
RSV | 3 | 14.43 (2.51–33.77) | (85.7%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.30; Egger's test, 0.53) | Random |
EBV | 9 | 72.02 (44.65–90.79) | (91.29%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.66; Egger's test, 0.70) | Random |
Adenovirus | 2 | 62.6 (1.0–92.4) | (98%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.03; Egger's test, 0.17) | Random |
Influenza A | 2 | 7.3 (2.66–42.45) | (96.7%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.53; Egger's test, 0.79) | Random |
Parainfluenza | 3 | 48.87 (1.0–99.0) | (98.6%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.01; Egger's test, 0.13) | Random |
B19 | 2 | 42.09 (31.28–53.29) | (0%; P-value = 0.57) | (Begg's Test, 0.99; Egger's test, 0.58) | Fixed |
HHV | 8 | 53.69 (24.52–81.54) | (95.9%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.79; Egger's test, 0.83) | Random |
Rhinovirus | 2 | 15.92 (8.83–25.45) | (62.4%; P-value = 0.11) | (Begg's Test, 0.73; Egger's test, 0.57) | Fixed |
TTV | 3 | 68.05 (8.19–90.9) | (91.9%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.68; Egger's test, 0.98) | Random |
Bacterial | No. of studies | Pooled prevalence % (95% C.I) % | Heterogeneity test () | Publication bias (Begg's Test, P-value; Egger's test, P-value) | Effect model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 4 | 3.16 (0.79–7.01) | (90.27%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.63; Egger's test, 0.85) | Random |
Haemophilus influenza | 6 | 8.50 (2.13–18.53) | (86%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.23; Egger's test, 0.59) | Random |
Streptococcus pneumonia | 5 | 6.64 (0.6–18.43) | (89.6%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.13; Egger's test, 0.66) | Random |
Moraxella catarrhalis | 3 | 5.57 (2.34–10.94) | (0%; P-value = 0.97) | (Begg's Test, 0.99; Egger's test, 0.64) | Fixed |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 | 2.88 (1.16–5.84) | (0%; P-value = 0.41) | (Begg's Test, 0.99; Egger's test, 0.45) | Fixed |
Klebsiella pneumonia | 3 | 2.94 (0.05–9.92) | (90.6%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.29; Egger's test, 0.71) | Random |
Streptococcus pneumonia | 5 | 6.64 (0.6–18.43) | (89.6%; P-value < 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.43; Egger's test, 0.56) | Random |
Staphylococcus aureus | 3 | 2.32 (0.02–8.16) | (74.3%; P-value = 0.02) | (Begg's Test, 0.08; Egger's test, 0.29) | Random |
Escherichia coli | 2 | 10.69 (0.05–35.96) | (90.8%; P-value = 0.001) | (Begg's Test, 0.18; Egger's test, 0.43) | Random |
Streptococcus sp. | 3 | 99.49 (96.44–99.9) | (0%; P-value = 0.90) | (Begg's Test, 0.99; Egger's test, 0.86) | Fixed |
Serratia marcescens | 2 | 1.21 (0.22–3.71) | (0%; P-value = 0.31) | (Begg's Test, 0.41; Egger's test, 0.83) | Fixed |
Raoultella | 2 | 1.20 (0.2–3.08) | (0%; P-value = 0.31) | (Begg's Test, 0.41; Egger's test, 0.83) | Fixed |