Table 2 Cigarette smoke and other molecular biology mechanisms of pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis
From: The role of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD
E group | C group | Detecting parameter | Detecting apoptosis cells | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse PMVECs + CSE | Mouse PMVECs + PBS | Mitochondrial respiration, FAO, oxidative phosphorylation, Cpt1a, ceramide synthesis | PMVECs | E group showing cell apoptosis increased. Oxidative phosphorylation, FAO and Cpt1a decreased. Mitochondrial respiration decreased. Ceramide synthesis increased | Gong et al. [113] |
COPD patients PMVECs | Healthy subjects PMVECs | Mitochondrial respiration, FAO, oxidative phosphorylation, Cpt1a, ceramide synthesis | Lung tissue cells | E group showing cell apoptosis increased. Oxidative phosphorylation, FAO and Cpt1a decreased. Mitochondrial respiration decreased. Ceramide synthesis increased | |
Rat PMVECs + CSE | Rat PMVECs + PBS | Mitochondrial morphology, oxidative stress, respiration; fission and fusion | PMVECs | E group showing cell apoptosis, mitochondrial aberrations, fission and mitochondrial oxidative stress increased. Mitochondrial respiration and fusion was decreased | Wang et al. [114] |
ECV304 + CSE | ECV304 + PBS | COX II | ECV304 | E group showing cell apoptosis and COX II protein expression increased | Shi et al. [122] |
Six smokers with COPD | Seven non-smokers without COPD and seven smokers without COPD | COX II | Vascular endothelial cells in lung tissues | E group showing AI of medium-sized vessels increased. COX II protein expression increased | |
HPAECs + CSE | HPAECs + PBS | P53, MIF | HPAECs | E group showing cell apoptosis increased. P53 and MIF mRNA and protein expression increased | Damico et al. [123] |
C57BL/6 male mice + CS | C57BL/6 male mice + AIR | XOR protein and activity, alveolar diameter | Non | E group showing alveolar diameter enlargement. XOR protein expression and XOR activity increased | Kim et al. [124] |
HLMVECs + CSE | HLMVECs + PBS | XOR protein and activity, P53 | HLMVECs | E group showing cell apoptosis increased XOR protein expression and XOR activity increased. P53 mRNA and protein expression increased | |
Mif−/− C57BL/6 Mice + CS | Mif + / + C57BL/6 Mice + CS | XOR activity, P38 protein, ASK1, caspase 3/7 protein and activity | Human and rat lung microvascular Endothelial cells | E group showing cell apoptosis increased. P38 protein increased. ASK1 and caspase3/7 protein and activity increased | Fallica et al. [127] |