Peripheral microangiopathy in precapillary pulmonary hypertension: a nailfold video capillaroscopy prospective study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with precapillary PH and controls

Variables	Total PH cohort	IPAH	CTEPH	Healthy controls	P-value₁*	P-value₂**
N	28	14	14	30
Female, n (%)	19 (67.8)	10 (71.4)	9 (64.3)	21 (70.0)	0.87	0.75
Age, y	56.6 ± 14.1	53.1 ± 13.4	60.9 ± 14.4	50.6 ± 13.4	0.45	0.08
BMI, kg/m²	29.8 ± 5.4	28.8 ± 6.8^$	30.4 ± 3.8^#	24.7 ± 3.1^$#	< 0.001	< 0.001
SpO₂% rest	93.2 ± 4.1	93.7 ± 4.9	92.6 ± 3.2			0.58
WHO FC, n (%)
I	3 (10.7)	2 (14.2)	1 (7.1)			0.61
II	13 (46.4)	6 (42.8)	7 (50.0)
III	11 (39.3)	5 (35.7)	6 (42.9)
IV	1 (3.5)	1 (7.1)	0
6-MWD, (m)	429.8 ± 125.3	471.3 ± 133.1	382.5 ± 103.8			0.14
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²	81.2 (18.3)	78.6 (17.6)	87.9 (18.8)			0.34
NT-proBNP (pg/ml)	219 (393)	188 (2005)	335 (361)			< 0.001
Heamodynamics
mRAP, mmHg	7.7 ± 4.3	6.9 ± 4.1	8.5 ± 4.6			0.39
mPAP, mmHg	44.3 ± 13.5	44.4 ± 16.3	44.1 ± 10.7			0.97
PAWP, mmHg	11.1 ± 2.7	10.6 ± 1.9	11.7 ± 2.2			0.34
CI, ml/m²	3.0 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.6			0.08
PVR, WU	5.7 (5.3)	5.8 (5.7)	5.7 (4.8)			0.64
Echocardiography
RV FAC%	30.5 ± 9.3	26.8 ± 9.7	33.1 ± 7.9			0.07
TAPSE, mm	18.9 ± 6.2	19.1 ± 7.5	18.8 ± 4.9			0.89
RV MPI	0.37 (0.15)	0.39 (0.2)	0.36 (0.12)			0.45
Lung function test
FEV1/FVC %	82.7 ± 8.2	84.1 ± 9.7	83.6 ± 7.7			0.48
DLCO %	65.9 ± 20.2	66.4 ± 25.2	64.9 ± 6.4			0.92
PAH treatment	17 (60.7)	11 (78.6)	6 (42.8)			0.048
Monotherapy	10 (35.7)	5 (41.6)	5 (35.7)
Dual therapy	4 (14.3)	4 (28.5)	0
Triple therapy	3 (10.7)	2 (14.3)	1 (7.1)

Categorical variables are presented as frequency and percentage, n (%)
Continuous variables are presented as mean value ± standard deviation or median value with interquartile range (IQR)
BMI body mass index, 6-MWD 6-min walk distance, bpm beats per minute, CI cardiac index, CTEPH chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, DLCO diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, FAC fractional area change, FC functional class, FEV1 forced expiratory volume during the first second of expiration, FVC forced vital capacity, GFR glomerular filtration rate, IPAH idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure, MPI myocardial performance index, mRAP mean right atrial pressure, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, RV right ventricle, SpO₂% arterial oxygen saturation, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, WHO World Health Organization, WU wood units
*P-value₁ refers to difference between total pre-capillary PH cohort and healthy controls
**P-value₂ refers to difference among IPAH, CTEPH and healthy controls. For variables in which there is no value in the column of healthy controls, then p-value₂ refers to difference between IPAH and CTEPH. Statistical significance is defined as P < 0.05

ISSN: 1465-993X