Mask side-effects in long-term CPAP-patients impact adherence and sleepiness: the InterfaceVent real-life study

Respiratory Research

Table 4 Multivariable logistic regressions for CPAP-non-adherence and Residual Excessive Sleepiness as variables-of-interest, summary of significant explanatory-variables including side-effects

	CPAP-non-adherence (< 4 h/day)				Residual Excessive Sleepiness (ESS ≥ 11)
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value	OR [95% CI]	p-value
Age (years)	0.98 [0.96; 0.99]	0.008	0.98 [0.96; 0.99]	0.008
BMI (kg/m²)	0.95 [0.91; 0.99]	0.008	0.95 [0.92; 0.99]	0.008
Problems of anxiety/depression					1.87 [1.25; 2.81]	0.002	1.92 [1.27; 2.88]	0.002	1.92 [1.27; 2.88]	0.002
EQ-5D-3L health VAS (0–100 score)					0.98 [0.97; 0.99]	< 0.001	0.98 [0.97; 0.99]	< 0.001	0.98 [0.97; 0.99]	< 0.001
90th/95th Pressure (cmH₂O)	0.90 [0.81; 0.99]	0.028	0.90 [0.81; 0.99]	0.025
Oronasal Mask			1.33 [0.79; 2.23]	0.80			0.74 [0.48; 1.16]	0.269	0.74 [0.48; 1.16]	0.269
Nasal Pillows Mask			1.55 [0.88; 2.73]	0.274			0.90 [0.53; 1.54]	0.846	0.91 [0.53; 1.54]	0.847
Chinstrap					7.22 [1.08; 48.4]	0.0417	7.27 [1.09; 48.55]	0.0406	7.27 [1.09; 48.5]	0.040
Mask availability since 2013	2.42 [1.56; 3.74]	< 0.001	2.28 [1.45; 3.59]	< 0.001
Dry mouth (0–10 VAS score)	1.10 [1.03; 1.17]	0.003	1.10 [1.03; 1.17]	0.004
Patient-reported leaks (0–10 VAS score)					1.10 [1.03; 1.19]	0.009	1.11 [1.03; 1.19]	0.007	1.11 [1.03; 1.20]	0.007
Partner-disturbing leaks (0–10 VAS score)	0.86 [0.82; 0.93]	< 0.001	0.86 [0.80; 0.92]	< 0.001
Noisy mask (0–10 VAS score)					1.16 [1.07; 1.25]	< 0.001	1.16 [1.07; 1.26]	< 0.001	1.16 [1.07; 1.26]	< 0.001
Dry nose (0–10 VAS score)					1.13 [1.06; 1.20]	< 0.001	1.13 [1.06; 1.20]	< 0.001	1.13 [1.06; 1.20]	< 0.001
Harness pain (0–10 VAS score)					0.89 [0.79; 1.00]	0.044	0.89 [0.79; 1.00]	0.002	0.89 [0.79; 1.00]	0.043

AHI: Apnea–Hypopnea Index; AHI_flow: AHI reported by device; BMI: body mass index; CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale. Note that for model 1, explanatory-variables (exhaustively listed in Table 3) with a p-value < 0.15 at the univariate level were fed into multivariable analyses using stepwise selection. A backward elimination was then applied and only explanatory-variables with a p value < 0.05 at the multivariable level remain in the definitive models. For model 2, the same proceeding as model 1 was applied and the “mask-type” explanatory variable was forced (with “nasal” as the reference mask type). For model 3, the same procedure as model 2 was applied, but the interaction terms between CPAP-usage and significant MRSEs from model 2 were added and a backward elimination applied excepted for the “mask-type” variable which remains forced. Note that no interaction term between CPAP-usage and MRSE variables remained significant in the final model 3

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