Oxidative stress and Nrf2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from COPD patients: an observational longitudinal study

Table 3 Fixed effect estimators for the 2-level random intercept linear model with level 1 units (measurements/visits) nested into level 2 units (n = 33 subjects with COPD), with FEV₁% predicted as the dependent variable and Nrf2, HO-1 and GCLC mRNA, plasma GSH, plasma 8-iso as independent variables (fixed effects)

Dependent variables	Beta Coefficients	P-value	95%CI
Nrf2/beta actin mRNA	8.31	< 0.001	4.72;11.91
HO-1/beta actin mRNA	1.84	0.441	−2.84;6.53
GCLC/beta actin mRNA	6.40	0.118	−1.63;14.44
plasma GSH (μmol/L)	0.03	0.785	−0.18;0.24
plasma 8-iso (pg/ml)	−0.01	0.284	−0.02;0.01

Legend: The model was adjusted also for age, sex, smoking status, smoking history (pack year), BMI and follow-up time

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