Fig. 5

S-gal-specific antagonist peptide inhibits VGVAPG effects on IL4-expressing Th2 cells in COPD patients. a CD4⁺ T-cells isolated from COPD patients (n = 6) were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and pre-treated or not with the analogous antagonist peptide PGAIP (10 µg/mL) 15 min before incubation or not with the VGVAPG peptide (10 µg/mL). After 48 h co-incubation, stimulated cells were collected, stained and analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the levels of IL-4 intracellular cytokine expression. *p < 0.05. b Quantification of IL-4 production in culture supernatants of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated CD4⁺ T-cells in the presence or not of the PGAIP (10 µg/mL) and/or VGVAPG peptide (10 µg/mL). Quantification was performed by Cytometric Bead Array Analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05