Table 2 Nutrition Questions Incorporated into the WTC-HP Annual Questionnaire

1. How willing are you to make changes in your eating habits in order to be healthier?^a

 1

Very willing

2096 (52.2)

473 (51.4)

1626 (62.5)

0.129

 2

1105 (27.5)

239 (26)

866 (28)

 3

6565 (16.3)

173 (18.8)

483 (15.6)

 4

110 (2.7)

22 (2.4)

88 (2.8)

 5

Not at all willing

49 (1.2)

14 (1.5)

35 (1.1)

2. Are you willing to answer 15 questions about your diet?^b

 Yes

4015 (100)

–

–

–

In an average week, how often do you:

1. Skip breakfast?

 Usually/often (1)

839 (20.9)

215 (23.3)

624 (20.2)

0.030

 Sometimes (2)

1180 (29.4)

281 (30.5)

899 (29.1)

 Rarely/never (3)

1996 (49.7)

425 (46.1)

1571 (50.8)

2. Eat 4 or more meals from sit-down or take out restaurants?

 Usually/often (1)

532 (13.3)

135 (14.5)

398 (12.9)

0.016

 Sometimes (2)

1182 (29.4)

297 (32.3)

885 (28.6)

 Rarely/never (3)

2301 (57.3)

490 (53.2)

1811 (58.5)

3. Eat less than 2 servings of whole grain products or high fiber starches a day? Serving = 1 slice of 100% whole grain bread; 1 cup whole grain cereal like Shredded Wheat, Wheaties, Grape Nuts, high fiber cereals, oatmeal, 3–4 whole grain crackers, ½ cup brown rice or whole wheat pasta, boiled or baked potatoes, yuca, yams or plantain

 Usually/often (1)

744 (18.5)

176 (19.1)

568 (18.4)

0.016

 Sometimes (2)

1624 (40.4)

404 (43.9)

1220 (39.4)

 Rarely/never (3)

1647 (41)

341 (37)

1306 (42.2)

4. Eat less than 2 servings of fruit a day? Serving = ½ cup or 1 med. fruit or ¾ cup 100% fruit juice

 Usually/often (1)

1016 (25.3)

246 (26.7)

770 (24.9)

0.191

 Sometimes (2)

1682 (41.9)

395 (42.9)

1287 (41.6)

 Rarely/never (3)

1317 (32.8)

280 (30.4)

1037 (33.5)

5. Eat less than 2 servings of vegetables a day? Serving = ½ cup vegetables, or 1 cup leafy raw vegetables

 Usually/often (1)

618 (15.4)

169 (18.3)

449 (14.5)

< 0.001

 Sometimes (2)

1603 (39.9)

394 (42.8)

1209 (39.1)

 Rarely/never (3)

1794 (44.7)

358 (38.9)

1436 (46.4)

6. Eat or drink less than 2 servings of milk, yogurt, or cheese a day? Serving = 1 cup milk or yogurt; 1½–2 oz cheese

 Usually/often (1)

826 (20.6)

209 (22.7)

617 (19.9)

0.125

 Sometimes (2)

1491 (37.1)

344 (37.4)

1147 (37.1)

 Rarely/never (3)

1698 (42.3)

368 (40)

1330 (43)

7. Eat more than 8 oz (see sizes below) of meat, chicken, turkey or fish per day? Note: 3 oz of meat or chicken is the size of a deck of cards or ONE of the following: 1 regular hamburger, 1 chicken breast or leg (thigh and drumstick), or 1 pork chop

 Usually/often (1)

2008 (50)

468 (50.8)

1540 (49.8)

0.705

 Sometimes (2)

1450 (36.1)

322 (35)

1128 (36.5)

 Rarely/never or rarely eat meat, chicken, turkey or fish (3)

557 (13.9)

131 (14.2)

426 (13.8)

8. Use regular processed meats (like bologna, salami, corned beef, hotdogs, sausage or bacon) instead of low fat processed meats (like roast beef, turkey, lean ham; low-fat cold cuts/hotdogs)?

 Usually/often (1)

271 (6.7)

80 (8.7)

191 (6.2)

0.001

 Sometimes (2)

1784 (44.4)

432 (46.9)

1352 (43.7)

 Rarely/never or rarely (3)

1960 (48.8)

409 (44.4)

1551 (50.1)

9. Eat fried foods such as fried chicken, fried fish, French fries, fried plantains, tostones or fried yuca?

 Usually/often (1)

174 (4.3)

54 (5.9)

120 (3.9)

0.024

 Sometimes (2)

1895 (47.2)

417 (45.3)

1478 (47.8)

 Rarely/never (3)

1946 (48.5)

450 (48.9)

1496 (48.4)

10. Eat regular potato chips, nacho chips, corn chips, crackers, regular popcorn, nuts instead of pretzels, low-fat chips or lowfat crackers, air-popped popcorn?

 Usually/often (1)

338 (8.4)

79 (8.6)

259 (8.4)

0.111

 Sometimes (2)

1815 (45.2)

389 (42.2)

1426 (46.1)

 Rarely/never or Rarely eat these snack foods (3)

1862 (46.4)

453 (49.2)

1409 (45.5)

11. Add butter, margarine or oil to bread, potatoes, rice or vegetables at the table?

 Usually/often (1)

1059 (26.4)

252 (27.4)

807 (26.1)

0.290

 Sometimes (2)

1619 (40.3)

382 (41.5)

1237 (40)

 Rarely/never (3)

1337 (33.3)

287 (31.2)

1050 (33.9)

12. Eat sweets like cake, cookies, pastries, donuts, muffins, chocolate and candies more than 2 times per day

 Usually/often (1)

678 (16.9)

165 (17.9)

513 (16.6)

0.432

 Sometimes (2)

1676 (41.7)

369 (40.1)

1307 (42.2)

 Rarely/never (3)

1661 (41.4)

387 (42)

1274 (41.2)

13. Drink 16 oz or more of non-diet soda, fruit drink/punch or Kool-Aid a day? Note: 1 can of soda = 12 oz

 Usually/often (1)

259 (6.5)

72 (7.8)

187 (6)

0.001

 Sometimes (2)

573 (14.3)

159 (17.3)

414 (13.4)

 Rarely/never (3)

3183 (79.3)

690 (74.9)

2493 (80.6)

14. You or a member of your family usually shops and cooks rather than eating sit-down or take-out restaurant food?

 Yes

3673 (91.5)

831 (90.2)

2842 (91.9)

0.120

15. Usually feel well enough to shop or cook

 Yes

3876 (96.5)

872 (94.7)

3004 (97.1)

< 0.001