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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

From: Automated computed tomography quantification of fibrosis predicts prognosis in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a real-world setting: a single-centre, retrospective study

Characteristics

Overall

N = 228

Fibrosisa < 5%,

N = 89

Fibrosis 5–10%

N = 54

Fibrosis ≥ 10%

N = 85

p valueb

Number of males (%)

205 (89.9)

74 (83.1)

46 (85.2)

85 (100.0)

 < 0.001

Median age, years (IQR)

69.9 (66.0, 76.3)

68.0 (62.0, 73.0)

72.0 (67.3, 77.0)

73.0 (66.0, 77.0)

0.001

Median body mass index

22.9 (20.9, 25.0)

22.8 (20.8, 24.8)

23.5 (20.9, 25.9)

22.9 (21.0, 24.6)

0.578

Former/current smoker (%)

155 (68.0)/73(32.0)

52 (58.4)/37(41.5)

39 (72.2)/15(27.8)

64 (75.3)/21(24.7)

0.113

Pack-years smoking, median (IQR)

50 (36, 79)

50 (36, 70)

47 (34, 74)

59 (40, 84)

0.188

Charlson Comorbidity Index score 1/2/3/4/5 ≤ , %

23.2/19.7/25.9/9.6

/21.6

27.0/27.0/22.5/15.7

/7.9

22.2/14.8/25.9/5.6

/31.5

20.0/15.3/29.4/5.9

/29.4

0.002

Serum KL-6, median U/mL (IQR)

554.0 (368.8, 847.5)

367.0 (274.0, 542.0)

626.0 (509.0, 1020.0)

666.0 (452.0, 906.5)

 < 0.001

IPF (%)

34 (14.9)

1 (1.1)

10 (18.5)

23 (27.1)

 < 0.001

Pulmonary hypertension (%)

26 (11.4)

10 (11.2)

5 (9.3)

11 (12.9)

0.8

Lung cancer (%)

53 (23.2)

11 (12.4)

13 (24.1)

29 (34.1)

0.003

Connective tissue disease (%)

47 (20.6)

24 (27.0)

8 (14.8)

15 (17.6)

0.152

Pulmonary Function Test, median (IQR)

    

FEV1, L

2.2 (1.8, 2.6)

2.2 (1.8, 2.7)

2.2 (1.8, 2.6)

2.2 (1.8, 2.6)

0.934

FEV1, % predicted

96.9 (84.3, 110.3)

94.6 (84.4, 109.1)

102.4 (90.9, 115.2)

96.8 (83.3, 109.4)

0.157

FVC, L

3.13 (2.6, 3.7)

3.32 (2.82, 3.89)

3.15 (2.69, 3.67)

2.94 (2.35, 3.34)

 < 0.001

FVC, % predicted

101.2 (86.8, 115.2)

106.1 (96.5, 120.3)

104.1 (91.6, 115.9)

89.4 (76.8, 104.2)

 < 0.001

FEV1/FVC ratio

70.6 (63.3, 78.7)

66.2 (58.7, 73.2)

70.0 (62.1, 75.0)

77.3 (69.4, 85.4)

 < 0.001

DLco, ml/min/mmHg

10.9 (8.0, 13.6)

12.5 (10.3, 16.9)

10.6 (8.9, 13.4)

8.3 (6.2, 12.0)

0.002

DLco, % predicted

66.7 (50.9, 83.3)

82.3 (67.7, 91.3)

71.4 (59.5, 79.7)

53.1 (44.0, 66.9)

 < 0.001

Composite physiologic indexc

27.7 (13.7, 41.1)

11.3 (5.3, 26.0)

27.5 (16.2, 33.6)

42.2 (25.1, 54.3)

 < 0.001

ILD-GAP model

0–1/2–3/4–5/6–8, %

11.8/68.0/15.8/4.4

21.3/69.7/9.0/0

5.6/83.3/5.6/5.6

5.9/56.5/29.4/8.2

 < 0.001

Initial CT findingsd

     

Total lung volume, median cm3 (IQR)

4417.8 (3849.0, 5184.6)

4671.7 (4155.2, 5341.2)

4241.7 (3790.6, 5278.9)

3991.9 (3497.9, 4642.3)

 < 0.001

Extent of normal lung, median cm3(IQR), %e

3104.4 (2359.0, 3781.4), 77.1

3634.1 (3191.6, 4156.0), 82.0

3067.3 (2669.1, 3450.9), 79.9

2467.0 (1853.7, 3049.6), 70.2

 < 0.001

Extent of emphysema, median cm3 (IQR), %

644.3 (301.0, 1292.1), 15.2

700.6 (330.9, 1424.1), 15.6

630.7 (313.7, 1005.5), 13.1

567.4 (270.8, 1308.6), 13.7

0.394

Extent of fibrosis, median cm3 (IQR), %

292.2 (142.0, 528.7), 7.7

133.8 (95.3, 159.5), 2.4

308.9 (275.4, 366.5), 7.0

609.3 (516.4, 780.2), 16.1

 < 0.001

  1. IQR interquartile range, IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced vital capacity, DLco diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
  2. aExtent of fibrosis was defined as the percentage (%) sum of reticular shadowing, grand glass opacity, and honeycombing calculated in CALIPER
  3. bp values are reported for the differences between the fibrosis proportion groups, using a chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, t test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate
  4. cComposite physiologic index = 91.0 – [0.53 × percent predicted FVC] – [0.65 × percent predicted DLco] + [0.34 × percent predicted FEV1]
  5. dCalculated results from CALIPER
  6. eCalculated the percentage to account for the emphysema volume and total lung volume in each individual
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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