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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included 16 studies

From: Comparisons of exacerbations and mortality among LAMA/LABA combinations in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

Author

Published year

Study ID

Number of patients

Age

Male (%)

Current smoker (%)

Ethnicity (%)

Mean post-BDR FEV1, %

GOLD stage

Previous exacerbation

Symptom

Intervention (LAMA/LABA)

Control

Treatment duration

Inhalation device

Aaron et al.

2007

ISRCTN29870041

449

67.7

56.4

27.9

White: 98.2%

41.8

II–IV

 ≥ 1

–

Tiotropium Handihaler/Salmeterol

1) Fluticasone/Tiotropium Handihaler/Salmeterol

2) Tiotropium Handihaler

52 weeks

DPI

Asai et al.

2013

NCT01285492

158

69.3

95.6

–

–

–

II–III

–

–

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

Tiotropium Handihaler

52 weeks

DPI

Dahl et al.

2013

NCT01120717

338

62.6

76.9

45.2

Caucasian: 80.5%

Asian: 19.5%

57.4

II–III

–

–

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

Placebo

52 weeks

DPI

Wedzicha et al.

2013

NCT01120691

2206

63.3

74.8

37.6

White: 82.0% Asian: 11.7%

37.2

III–IV

 ≥ 1

–

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

1) Glycopyrrolate

2) Tiotropium Handihaler

64 weeks

DPI

Donohue et al.

2014

NCT01316887

562

61.3

66.6

–

Non-hispanic: 92.8%

54.7

II–III

–

–

Umeclidinium/Vilanterol

1) Placebo

2) Umeclidinium

52 weeks

DPI

Buhl et al.

2015

NCT01431274 NCT01431287

5162

64

72.9

37

–

50

II–IV

–

–

Tiotropium Respimat/Olodaterol

1) Olodaterol

2) Tiotropium Respimat

52 weeks

SMI

Larbig et al.

2015

NCT01610037

812

64.4

72.4

–

–

–

II–III

–

–

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

1) Placebo

2) Tiotropium Handihaler

52 weeks

DPI

Donohue et al.

2016

NCT01437540

590

64.2

55.1

45.9

White: 92.4%

51.4

II–III

–

–

Aclidinium/Formoterol

Formoterol

52 weeks

DPI

Ferguson et al.

2016

NCT01682863

615

63.6

65.6

50.9

White: 97.7%

54.4

II–III

–

mMRC ≥ 2

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

Indacaterol

52 weeks

DPI

Wedzicha et al.

2016

NCT01782326

3358

64.5

76

39.7

–

44.1

II–III

 ≥ 1

mMRC ≥ 2

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

Fluticasone/Salmeterol

52 weeks

DPI

D'Urzo et al.b

2017

NCT01572792

1669

64

53.1

51.5

White: 93.2%

53.5

II–III

–

–

Aclidinium/Formoterol

1) Formoterol

2) Placebo

52 weeks

DPI

Hanania et al.

2017

NCT01970878

3257

62.8

55.8

53.8

–

43.0a

II–IV

–

–

Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol

1) Formoterol

2) Glycopyrrolate

3) Tiotropium Handihaler

52 weeks

MDI

Ichinose et al.

2017

NCT01536262

122

69.8

95.9

27.9

–

57.5

II–IV

–

–

Tiotropium Respimat/Olodaterol

Olodaterol

52 weeks

SMI

Calverley et al.

2018

NCT02296138

7880

66.4

71.5

37

White: 79.5% Asian: 14.5%

44.5

II–IV

 ≥ 1

–

Tiotropium Respimat/Olodaterol

Tiotropium Respimat

52 weeks

SMI

Lipson et al.

2018

NCT02164513

10,355

65.3

66.4

34.6

White: 78.2% Asian: 16.0%

45.6

II–IV

 ≥ 1

CAT ≥ 10

Umeclidinium/Vilanterol

1) Fluticasone/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol

2) Fluticasone/Vilanterol

52 weeks

DPI

Papi et al.

2018

NCT02579850

1532

64.5

72

44.5

–

36.4

III–IV

 ≥ 1

CAT ≥ 10

Glycopyrrolate/Indacaterol

Beclometasone/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol

52 weeks

DPI

  1. ID identifier, BDR bronchodilator, CAT COPD assessment test, modified Medical Research Council: mMRC, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist, LABA long-acting beta-agonist, DPI dry powder inhaler, SMI soft mist inhaler, MDI metered dose inhaler
  2. aAs postBDR FEV1 data was not available, we described preBDR FEV1% value
  3. bAUGMENT extension study maintained medications for additional 28 weeks after AUGMENT study was finished. The combined data from AUGMENT study (NCT01437397) and AUGMENT extension study (NCT01572792) were extracted