Table 1 Cross-sectional characteristics of participants
From: Non-linear association between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary function: a population-based study
Characteristic | Glucose normal (n = 4689) | Prediabetes (n = 2657) | Diabetes (n = 1238) | P-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted proportion % | 60.4 (0.8) | 29.5 (0.6) | 10.1 (0.5) | Â |
Age (year) | 39.8 (0.5) | 47.7 (0.5) | 56.5 (0.5) |  < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 48.1 (0.8) | 53.1 (1.0) | 52.7 (2.0) |  < 0.001 |
Ethnicity % | ||||
 Mexican American | 9.5 (1.2) | 10.4 (1.4) | 12.6 (1.9) | 0.007 |
 Non-Hispanic White | 80.4 (1.7) | 76.7 (2.1) | 69.4 (3.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 10.1 (1.1) | 12.9 (1.3) | 18.0 (2.3) |  < 0.001 |
 BMI | 27.2 (0.1) | 29.8 (0.2) | 33.4 (0.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Height (cm) | 170.1 (0.2) | 170.0 (0.2) | 168.6 (0.4) | 0.008 |
 Waist circumference | 93.8 (0.4) | 101.6 (0.4) | 111.1 (0.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Eucation level (%) | 32.8 (1.6) | 26.2 (1.6) | 19.5 (2.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Current smoker % | 16.5 (1.0) | 19.6 (1.1) | 15.1 (1.0) | 0.39 |
 MET scores | 600 [160–1440] | 480 [80–1200] | 180 [0–720] |  < 0.001 |
 FPG | 5.10 (0.01) | 5.77 (0.02) | 8.19 (0.15) |  < 0.001 |
 2 h-PG | 5.16 (0.04) | 6.57 (0.05) | 12.6 (0.35) |  < 0.001 |
 HbA1c % | 5.22 (0.01) | 5.65 (0.01) | 7.12 (0.06) |  < 0.001 |
 HOMA-IR | 1.7 [1.1–2.6] | 3.0 [1.8–4.6] | 4.8 [2.7–8.5] |  < 0.001 |
 Serum insulin (uU/mL) | 7.7 [5.1–11.2] | 11.7 [7.4–17.3] | 14.6 [8.3–23.2] |  < 0.001 |
 C-Reactive Protein (mg/dL) | 0.13 [0.05–0.29] | 0.21 [0.09–0.48] | 0.31 [0.12–0.71] |  < 0.001 |
 Diabetes duration (years) |  |  | 3 [0–10] |  |
 FEV1%predicted | 98.9 (0.3) | 95.1 (0.5) | 90.8 (0.7) |  < 0.001 |
 FVC %predicted | 101.3 (0.3) | 98.6 (0.4) | 92.6 (0.6) |  < 0.001 |
 FEV1/FVC ratio | 79.4 (0.2) | 76.5 (0.2) | 76.5 (0.3) |  < 0.001 |