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Table 4 Combined association of maternal behavioral factors during pregnancy with childhood respiratory allergies

From: Effect of maternal sleep, physical activity and screen time during pregnancy on the risk of childhood respiratory allergies: a sex-specific study

 

All Population Group

Allergen Test Subgroup

N (%)

OR (95% CI)

N (%)

OR (95% CI)

Crude Model

Adjusted Model I

Adjusted Model II

Crude Model

Adjusted Model I

Adjusted Model II

Male

0

30 (2.7%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

4 (1.4%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

1 vs. 0

249 (22.3%)

1.762 (1.132–2.744) *

1.668 (1.046–2.662) *

1.645 (1.029–2.630) *

60 (20.5%)

3.025 (1.074–8.519) *

3.127 (1.068–9.157) *

3.063 (1.034–9.073) *

2 vs. 0

607 (54.3%)

2.508 (1.633–3.853) ***

1.959 (1.244–3.086) **

1.921 (1.217–3.033) **

169 (57.7%)

4.903 (1.779–13.513) **

3.978 (1.389–11.386) *

3.648 (1.261–10.559) *

3 vs. 0

232 (20.8%)

3.523 (2.243–5.536) ***

2.464 (1.526–3.981) ***

2.412 (1.489–3.906) ***

60 (20.5%)

6.382 (2.256–18.048) ***

4.171 (1.412–12.317) *

3.895 (1.304–11.634) *

Female

0

22 (2.8%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

1 (1.2%)

Ref

Ref

Ref

1 vs. 0

170 (21.8%)

1.283 (0.784–2.127)

1.110 (0.661–1.863)

1.041 (0.617–1.755)

42 (25.1%)

3.204 (0.756–13.572)

2.555 (0.587–11.124)

2.677 (0.599-11.954)

2 vs. 0

437 (56.1%)

1.652 (1.015–2.689) *

1.178 (0.711–1.952)

1.101 (0.662–1.833)

91 (54.5%)

3.385 (0.816–14.039)

2.022 (0.470–8.695)

2.013 (0.457–8.866)

3 vs. 0

150 (19.3%)

1.957 (1.173–3.267) *

1.298 (0.761–2.214)

1.217 (0.710–2.084)

32 (19.2%)

4.251 (0.995–18.158)

2.272 (0.511–10.101)

2.316 (0.507–10.568)

  1. OR odds ratios, CI confidence interval, Ref reference
  2. ** p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  3. Maternal risk behavioral factors included sleep duration less than 8 h, physical activity less than 1 h/day, screen exposure more than 2 h/day; “0” demonstrated that none of three risk factors were occurred. “1” demonstrated that one of these three risk factors was occurred; “2” demonstrated that two of these three risk factors were occurred; and “3” demonstrated that these three risk factors were all occurred
  4. Model I adjusted for child’s age, childhood overweight/ obesity, child’s sleep duration on weekdays, child’s sleep duration on weekends, child’s exercise frequency, children’s screen exposure frequency, family income, family structure, mother’s education, father’s education, family history of allergic diseases
  5. Model II further adjusted for gestational weeks, delivery mode, full breastfeeding, maternal smoking exposure, maternal drinking, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, mother’s age at delivery, farmlands and orchards near house, chemical discharging near house, smog-emitting factories near house, large garbage dump near house