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Table 3 Association of maternal behavioral factors during pregnancy with childhood respiratory allergies

From: Effect of maternal sleep, physical activity and screen time during pregnancy on the risk of childhood respiratory allergies: a sex-specific study

 

All Population Group

Allergen Test Subgroup

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Crude Model

Adjusted Model I

Adjusted Model II

Crude Model

Adjusted Model I

Adjusted Model II

Male

 Sleep duration

   < 8 vs. ≥8 h./day

1.477 (1.253–1.741) ***

1.332 (1.117–1.589) ***

1.317 (1.102–1.573) **

1.435 (1.085–1.898) *

1.208 (0.890–1.640)

1.164 (0.811–1.672)

Physical activity

   < 1 vs. ≥1 h./day

1.525 (1.260–1.846) **

1.325 (1.079–1.618) **

1.311 (1.066–1.612) *

1.887 (1.326–2.686) ***

1.633 (1.118–2.386) *

1.507 (1.022–2.222) *

Screen exposure

  ≥ 2 vs. < 2 h./day

1.467 (1.232–1.748) ***

1.157 (0.954–1.403)

1.189 (0.979–1.445)

1.645 (1.195–2.264) **

1.171 (0.823–1.667)

0.966 (0.719–1.298)

Female

 Sleep duration

   < 8 vs. ≥8 h./day

1.238 (1.025–1.495) *

1.098 (0.900–1.339)

1.072 (0.877–1.310)

1.244 (0.863–1.794)

1.044 (0.709–1.540)

1.019 (0.685–1.515)

Physical activity

  < 1 vs. ≥1 h./day

1.148 (0.924–1.428)

1.020 (0.811–1.282)

0.994 (0.789–1.253)

0.973 (0.645–1.467)

0.764 (0.491–1.191)

0.757 (0.482–1.190)

Screen exposure

  ≥ 2 vs. < 2 h./day

1.421 (1.151–1.754) **

1.147 (0.914–1.438)

1.181 (0.939–1.485)

1.602 (1.030–2.492) *

1.251 (0.781–2.004)

1.256 (0.778–2.027)

  1. OR odds ratios, CI confidence interval
  2. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  3. Model I adjusted for child’s age, childhood overweight/obesity, child’s sleep duration on weekdays, child’s sleep duration on weekends, child’s exercise frequency, children’s screen exposure frequency, family income, family structure, mother’s education, father’s education, family history of allergic diseases
  4. Model II further adjusted for gestational weeks, delivery mode, full breastfeeding, maternal smoking exposure, maternal drinking, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, mother’s age at delivery, farmlands and orchards near house, chemical discharging near house, factories emitting smoke near house, large garbage dump near house