CTEPH (total) | CTEPH (BPA) | CTEPH (PEA) | Pulmonary Hypertension other than CTEPH (Controls) | PEA vs. BPA | CTEPH vs. Controls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 125 | n = 70 | n = 55 | n = 58 | (p-value) | (p-value) | ||
Data availability | |||||||
Demographics | |||||||
Age, y; mean ± SD | 183/183 | 59.3 ± 14.3 | 60.83 ± 13.5 | 57.35 ± 15.2 | 62.28 ± 14.6 | 0.277 | 0.14 |
Female sex; n (%) | 183/183 | 52 (41.6%) | 30 (42.86%) | 22 (40%) | 35 (60.34%) | 0.89 | 0.028 |
Body mass index, kg/m2; mean ± SD | 183/183 | 25.94 ± 4.5 | 25.09 ± 3.7 | 27.02 ± 5.1 | 30.89 ± 7.9 | 0.046 | < 0.001 |
History and risk factors | |||||||
Smoker; n (%) | 181/183 | 55 (44.72%) | 31 (45.59%) | 24 (43.64%) | 31 (53.45%) | 0.973 | 0.348 |
Diabetes mellitus; n (%) | 183/183 | 6 (4.8%) | 4 (5.71%) | 2 (3.64%) | 16 (27.59%) | 0.694 | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia; n (%) | 182/183 | 23 (18.55%) | 17 (24.29%) | 6 (11.11%) | 14 (24.14%) | 0.101 | 0.499 |
Arterial hypertension; n (%) | 182/183 | 59 (47.58%) | 36 (51.43%) | 23 (42.59%) | 36 (62.07%) | 0.426 | 0.096 |
Chronic renal failure; n (%) | 183/183 | 26 (20.8%) | 13 (18.57%) | 13 (23.64%) | 15 (25.86%) | 0.638 | 0.566 |
Coronary artery disease; n (%) | 182/183 | 20 (16.13%) | 14 (20.29%) | 6 (10.91%) | 12 (20.69%) | 0.244 | 0.586 |
History of cancer; n (%) | 183/183 | 18 (14.4%) | 13 (18.57%) | 5 (9.09%) | 16 (27.59%) | 0.214 | 0.054 |
History of acute pulmonary embolism; n (%) | 182/183 | 110 (88.71%) | 56 (81.16%) | 54 (98.18%) | 45 (77.59%) | 0.003 | 0.081 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; n (%) | 175/183 | 8 (6.84%) | 4 (6.35%) | 4 (7.41%) | 12 (20.69%) | 1 | 0.014 |
History of splenectomy; n (%) | 183/183 | 9 (7.2%) | 6 (8.57%) | 3 (5.45%) | 3 (5.17%) | 0.73 | 0.755 |
Chronic inflammatory disease; n (%) | 183/183 | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (1.43%) | 2 (3.64%) | 6 (10.34%) | 0.582 | 0.030 |
Laboratory parameters | |||||||
Ceatinine, μmol/l; mean ± SD | 183/183 | 0.97 ± 0.3 | 0.95 ± 0.3 | 1 ± 0.3 | 0.93 ± 0.4 | 0.298 | 0.058 |
eGFR, ml/min; mean ± SD | 183/183 | 82.5 ± 25.7 | 83.62 ± 26.6 | 81.08 ± 24.7 | 86.63 ± 34.5 | 0.603 | 0.558 |
NT-proBNP, ng/l; median (IQR) | 176/183 | 845 (184.2–1860) | 743.7 (197.2–1470) | 1094 (149.775–2078.25) | 412 (181.8–1454.5) | 0.296 | 0.282 |
PAPP-A, mU/L | 183/183 | 13.8 (11.0–18.6) | 14.5 (11.2–18.9) | 13.7 (10.4–17.6) | 12.6 (8.6–16.5) | 0.437 | 0.051 |
Symptoms and medication | |||||||
Guanylate cyclase stimulator; n (%) | 183/183 | 65 (52%) | 49 (70%) | 16 (29.09%) | 8 (13.79%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
WHO-functional class (I-IV) | 183/183 | I:0;II:25;III:80;IV:20 | I:0;II:11;III:49;IV:10 | I:0;II:14;III:31;IV:10 | I:0;II:7;III:40;IV:11 | ||
Examination results | |||||||
LVEF, %; median (IQR) | 158/183 | 55 (55–60) | 55 (55–59.25) | 55 (55–60) | 55 (55–55) | 0.416 | < 0.001 |
TAPSE, mm; mean ± SD | 153/183 | 19.08 ± 5.3 | 18.68 ± 4.8 | 19.54 ± 5.8 | 19.5 ± 5.3 | 0.449 | 0.788 |
6-min-walk distance, m; mean ± SD | 85/183 | 405.18 ± 99.1 | 404.52 ± 91.8 | 409.44 ± 144.7 | 329.56 ± 122.3 | 0.312 | 0.01 |
Hemodynamics | |||||||
RAP, mmHg; median (IQR) | 108/183 | 7 (5–9) | 7 (5–9) | 7 (5–8) | 7.5 (4.5–11.75) | 0.977 | 0.764 |
MeanPAP, mmHg; mean ± SD | 181/183 | 43.09 ± 9.7 | 42.44 ± 9.1 | 43.93 ± 10.6 | 39.86 ± 10.9 | 0.384 | 0.041 |
PVR, WU (IQR) | 172/183 | 6.76 (5.27–9.61) | 6.76 (5.27–8.56) | 7.065 (5.3075–11.8075) | 4.63 (3.15–10.265) | 0.184 | 0.006 |
CI, L/min/m2; mean ± SD | 169/183 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.61 ± 0.7 | 2.33 ± 0.6 | 2.58 ± 0.8 | 0.015 | 0.705 |
PCWP, mmHg; median (IQR) | 179/183 | 9 (8–12) | 9 (8–11) | 9 (8–13) | 11 (9–13) | 0.332 | 0.004 |