Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the CTEPH cohort and the control group

From: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A – a new indicator of pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?

  

CTEPH (total)

CTEPH (BPA)

CTEPH (PEA)

Pulmonary Hypertension other than CTEPH (Controls)

PEA vs. BPA

CTEPH vs. Controls

n = 125

n = 70

n = 55

n = 58

(p-value)

(p-value)

 

Data availability

      

Demographics

 Age, y; mean ± SD

183/183

59.3 ± 14.3

60.83 ± 13.5

57.35 ± 15.2

62.28 ± 14.6

0.277

0.14

 Female sex; n (%)

183/183

52 (41.6%)

30 (42.86%)

22 (40%)

35 (60.34%)

0.89

0.028

 Body mass index, kg/m2; mean ± SD

183/183

25.94 ± 4.5

25.09 ± 3.7

27.02 ± 5.1

30.89 ± 7.9

0.046

< 0.001

History and risk factors

 Smoker; n (%)

181/183

55 (44.72%)

31 (45.59%)

24 (43.64%)

31 (53.45%)

0.973

0.348

 Diabetes mellitus; n (%)

183/183

6 (4.8%)

4 (5.71%)

2 (3.64%)

16 (27.59%)

0.694

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia; n (%)

182/183

23 (18.55%)

17 (24.29%)

6 (11.11%)

14 (24.14%)

0.101

0.499

 Arterial hypertension; n (%)

182/183

59 (47.58%)

36 (51.43%)

23 (42.59%)

36 (62.07%)

0.426

0.096

 Chronic renal failure; n (%)

183/183

26 (20.8%)

13 (18.57%)

13 (23.64%)

15 (25.86%)

0.638

0.566

 Coronary artery disease; n (%)

182/183

20 (16.13%)

14 (20.29%)

6 (10.91%)

12 (20.69%)

0.244

0.586

 History of cancer; n (%)

183/183

18 (14.4%)

13 (18.57%)

5 (9.09%)

16 (27.59%)

0.214

0.054

 History of acute pulmonary embolism; n (%)

182/183

110 (88.71%)

56 (81.16%)

54 (98.18%)

45 (77.59%)

0.003

0.081

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; n (%)

175/183

8 (6.84%)

4 (6.35%)

4 (7.41%)

12 (20.69%)

1

0.014

 History of splenectomy; n (%)

183/183

9 (7.2%)

6 (8.57%)

3 (5.45%)

3 (5.17%)

0.73

0.755

 Chronic inflammatory disease; n (%)

183/183

3 (2.4%)

1 (1.43%)

2 (3.64%)

6 (10.34%)

0.582

0.030

Laboratory parameters

 Ceatinine, μmol/l; mean ± SD

183/183

0.97 ± 0.3

0.95 ± 0.3

1 ± 0.3

0.93 ± 0.4

0.298

0.058

 eGFR, ml/min; mean ± SD

183/183

82.5 ± 25.7

83.62 ± 26.6

81.08 ± 24.7

86.63 ± 34.5

0.603

0.558

 NT-proBNP, ng/l; median (IQR)

176/183

845 (184.2–1860)

743.7 (197.2–1470)

1094 (149.775–2078.25)

412 (181.8–1454.5)

0.296

0.282

 PAPP-A, mU/L

183/183

13.8 (11.0–18.6)

14.5 (11.2–18.9)

13.7 (10.4–17.6)

12.6 (8.6–16.5)

0.437

0.051

Symptoms and medication

 Guanylate cyclase stimulator; n (%)

183/183

65 (52%)

49 (70%)

16 (29.09%)

8 (13.79%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 WHO-functional class (I-IV)

183/183

I:0;II:25;III:80;IV:20

I:0;II:11;III:49;IV:10

I:0;II:14;III:31;IV:10

I:0;II:7;III:40;IV:11

  

Examination results

 LVEF, %; median (IQR)

158/183

55 (55–60)

55 (55–59.25)

55 (55–60)

55 (55–55)

0.416

< 0.001

 TAPSE, mm; mean ± SD

153/183

19.08 ± 5.3

18.68 ± 4.8

19.54 ± 5.8

19.5 ± 5.3

0.449

0.788

 6-min-walk distance, m; mean ± SD

85/183

405.18 ± 99.1

404.52 ± 91.8

409.44 ± 144.7

329.56 ± 122.3

0.312

0.01

Hemodynamics

 RAP, mmHg; median (IQR)

108/183

7 (5–9)

7 (5–9)

7 (5–8)

7.5 (4.5–11.75)

0.977

0.764

 MeanPAP, mmHg; mean ± SD

181/183

43.09 ± 9.7

42.44 ± 9.1

43.93 ± 10.6

39.86 ± 10.9

0.384

0.041

 PVR, WU (IQR)

172/183

6.76 (5.27–9.61)

6.76 (5.27–8.56)

7.065 (5.3075–11.8075)

4.63 (3.15–10.265)

0.184

0.006

 CI, L/min/m2; mean ± SD

169/183

2.5 ± 0.6

2.61 ± 0.7

2.33 ± 0.6

2.58 ± 0.8

0.015

0.705

 PCWP, mmHg; median (IQR)

179/183

9 (8–12)

9 (8–11)

9 (8–13)

11 (9–13)

0.332

0.004

  1. Values represent N (%) or mean ± SD or median (IQR)
  2. Abbreviations: BPA Balloon pulmonary angioplasty, CI cardiac index, GFR glomerular filtration rate, hs-cTnT high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, PAP pulmonary artery pressure, PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, RAP right atrial pressure, TAPSE Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion