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Table 2 Linear regression models of the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and slopes of lung function and Quantitative CT measures of lung disease. ß coefficients reflect the mean differences in the row outcome of interest between those with GERD compared to those without GERD

From: Impact of gastroesophageal reflux on longitudinal lung function and quantitative computed tomography in the COPDGene cohort

 

Model 1: Crude

Model 2: Age, sex, race, smoked between Phase I and II, BMI, clinical center, and FEV1% predicted at Phase I

Model 3: Model 2 + Acute exacerbations ≥ 1 between Phase I and Phase II

Unadjusted ß Estimate (95% CI)

Adjusted ß Estimate

(95% CI)

Adjusted ß Estimate

(95% CI)

Spirometry

 FEV1 (mL/year)

−0.01 (−2.92, 2.89)

−3.64 (−6.56, − 0.73)

−2.53 (−5.43, 0.37)

 FVC (mL/year)

−2.76 (− 6.93, 1.42)

−4.26 (−8.52, − 0.004)

−3.05 (− 7.29, 1.19)

Quantitative CT chest

 AWT-Pi10 (μm/year)

2.31 (−1.86, 6.48)

1.28 (− 2.91, 5.48)

0.64 (−3.57, 4.84)

 Airway wall area (%/year)

0.037 (− 0.022, 0.097)

0.013 (− 0.047, 0.073)

0.003 (− 0.058, 0.063)

 Air trapping (%/year)

0.117 (0.006, 0.227)

0.167 (0.063, 0.271)

0.159 (0.054, 0.264)

 Emphysema (%/year)

0.035 (− 0.010, 0.081)

0.015 (− 0.025, 0.055)

0.012 (− 0.028, 0.052)

 Perc15 lung density (HU/year)

− 0.073 (− 0.207, 0.061)

− 0.024 (− 0.137, 0.089)

−0.023 (− 0.137, 0.090)

  1. Abbreviations: CT computed tomography, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, AWT-Pi10 airway wall thickness at an internal perimeter of 10 mm and CI confidence interval