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Table 1 Cohort characteristics at Phase I by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) status. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation), median (first quartile, third quartile), or n (%)

From: Impact of gastroesophageal reflux on longitudinal lung function and quantitative computed tomography in the COPDGene cohort

 

Phase I

No GERD

GERD

n = 3627

n = 2101

Demographics

 Age, years

59.0 (8.74)

60.9 (8.38)

 Female

1668 (46%)

1168 (56%)

 African American

1269 (35%)

489 (23%)

 Current smoker

1928 (53%)

862 (41%)

 Pack-years

40.9 (22.2)

45.3 (25.4)

 BMI, kg/m2

28.6 (6.0)

29.9 (6.3)

 Education beyond HS

2348 (65%)

1396 (66%)

Spirometry

 FEV1% predicted

82 (23)

77 (23)

 FVC % predicted

90 (17)

87 (17)

 FEV1/FVC

0.70 (0.14)

0.67 (0.15)

GOLD stage

 PRISm

438 (12%)

263 (13%)

 GOLD 0

1826 (51%)

851 (41%)

 GOLD 1

321 (8.9%)

182 (8.7%)

 GOLD 2

626 (17%)

483 (23%)

 GOLD 3

309 (8.6%)

258 (12%)

 GOLD 4

86 (2.4%)

55 (2.6%)

Inhaled therapies

 SABA

776 (22%)

763 (37%)

 LABA

57 (1.6%)

85 (4.1%)

 ICS

137 (3.9%)

144 (7.0%)

 ICS/LABA

438 (12%)

460 (22%)

 LAMA

362 (10%)

389 (19%)

Quantitative CT chest

 AWT-Pi10, mm

2.2 (0.58)

2.3 (0.58)

 Airway wall area, %

50 (8.3)

50 (8.2)

 Air trapping, %

19 (17)

22 (18)

 Emphysema, %

5.1 (8)

6.4 (9.1)

 Perc15 lung density, HU

78 (22)

76 (23)

Clinical outcomes

 Acute exacerbation

499 (14%)

563 (27%)

 Severe exacerbation

252 (6.9%)

254 (12%)

 Cough

1126 (31%)

815 (39%)

 Phlegm

1126 (31%)

803 (38%)

 Wheeze

1380 (38%)

1093 (52%)

 SGRQ, total score

14 (3.8, 32)

25 (9.3, 45)

 mMRC ≥2

1086 (30%)

949 (45%)

 6-MWD, feet

1448 (368.8)

1369 (370.4)

  1. Abbreviations: GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, BMI body mass index, HS high school, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, PRISm preserved ratio impaired spirometry, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, SABA short-acting beta-agonist, LABA long-acting beta-agonist, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, ICS/LABA combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic agonist, TLC total lung capacity, AWT-Pi10 airway wall thickness at an internal perimeter of 10 mm, HU Hounsfield Units, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, mMRC modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale and 6-MWT 6-min walk distance