Table 1 Characteristics of included studies (n = 13)
Study | Year | Country | Study Design | N | Age (yrs.) | Male (%) | History of smoking (%) | Comorbidities | NOS | AHRQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lea Sator | 2019 | Austria | Cohort | 16,177 | ≥40 | 7894 (48.8) | 47.2 | ①③④ | 7 | NA |
Yunus Çolak | 2018 | Denmark | Cohort | 95,288 | 20–100 | 42,883 (45.0) | 57.3 | ①②④ | 9 | NA |
Martin R Miller | 2018 | England | Cross-sectional | 3721 | 40–79 | 1965 (52.8) | 54.6 | ①②③④ | NA | 10 |
Claudio Pedone | 2017 | Italy | Cohort | 882 | ≥65 | 203 (23.1) | NA | ①②③④ | 9 | NA |
Suneela Zaigham | 2015 | Sweden | Cohort | 689 | ≥55 | 689 (100) | 84.5 | ④ | 9 | NA |
Wouter van Dijk | 2015 | Canada | Cross-sectional | 4882 | 57.0 ± 11.0 | 2093 (43) | 57 | ①| NA | 8 |
Eralda Turkeshi | 2015 | Belgium | Cohort | 411 | 84.6 ± 3.4 | 152 (37) | NA | NA | 9 | NA |
Surya P Bhatt | 2014 | USA | Cohort | 7743 | 45–80 | 4342 (56.1) | NA | NA | 9 | NA |
Per Wollmer | 2013 | Sweden | Cohort | 689 | ≥55 | 689 (100) | 84.5 | ①| 8 | NA |
Firdaus A | 2013 | Netherlands | Cohort | 1108 | 62.5 ± 5.2 | NA | 52.8 | NA | 7 | NA |
David M Mannino | 2006 | USA | Cohort | 4965 | ≥65 | 2155 (43.4) | 54.1 | NA | 8 | NA |
David M. Mannino | 2012 | USA | Cohort | 13,847 | ≥25 | 6495 (46.9) | 56.3 | NA | 8 | NA |
Reinier P. Akkermans | 2012 | Netherlands | Cohort | 4045 | 35–60 | 2513 (62.1) | NA | NA | 9 | NA |