Fig. 1

CS and CSE elevates the expression of Shp2 and MMP-9 in lung tissues and pulmonary epithelial cells, respectively, n = 6 per group. a CSE elevates the mRNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-25 in NCI-H292 cells. b and c Shp2 and MMP-9 protein (immunohistochemistry) and mRNA expression (Q-PCR) are elevated in lung tissues from the smoking mice (exposed to CS for 20 days), n = 8 mice/per group. Scale bar = 20 μm; ^##p < 0.01, compared with control. d CSE elevates the mRNA expression of Shp2 in a concentration-dependent manner in pulmonary epithelial cells (NCI-H292 cells). n = 3 per group. e CSE activates the Shp2 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner in NCI-H292 cells. n = 3 per group. f CSE elevates the mRNA expression of MMP-9 in a concentration-dependent manner in NCI-H292 cells. n = 3 per group. g CSE elevates the protein expression of MMP-9 in a concentration-dependent manner in NCI-H292 cells. n = 3 per group. At least three independent experiments in vitro were completed for each group assessment. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, compared with control, one-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test