Table 6 Test characteristics of the ESS and weighted ESS with different cut-off values for the corresponding AHI
From: Weighted Epworth sleepiness scale predicted the apnea-hypopnea index better
Rule | Cut-off values | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PLR | NLR | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Youden’s index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Derivation cohort (n = 756) | ||||||||
ESS | ||||||||
NDS | 0–10 | 93.1 | 61.6 | 2.424 | 0.112 | 30.5 | 98.0 | 0.55 |
Mild EDS | 11–12 | 29.3 | 84.8 | 1.928 | 0.834 | 32.4 | 82.9 | 0.14 |
Moderate EDS | 13–15 | 35.8 | 92.6 | 4.838 | 0.693 | 61.8 | 81.1 | 0.28 |
Severe EDS | 16–24 | 52.4 | 99.1 | 58.222 | 0.480 | 97.4 | 77.0 | 0.52 |
Weighted ESS | ||||||||
NDS | 0–14 | 86.2 | 96.3 | 23.298 | 0.143 | 80.6 | 97.5 | 0.83 |
Mild EDS | 15–19 | 69.3 | 85.1 | 4.651 | 0.361 | 53.6 | 91.8 | 0.54 |
Moderate EDS | 20–29 | 71 | 80.2 | 3.586 | 0.362 | 56.3 | 88.5 | 0.51 |
Severe EDS | 30–40 | 63.4 | 99.6 | 158.5 | 0.367 | 98.9 | 81.4 | 0.60 |
Validation cohort (n = 810) | ||||||||
ESS | ||||||||
NDS | 0–10 | 100 | 51.5 | 2.062 | 0 | 20.1 | 100 | 0.52 |
Mild EDS | 11–12 | 15.4 | 88.9 | 1.387 | 0.952 | 8.7 | 93.9 | 0.04 |
Moderate EDS | 13–15 | 12.3 | 88.4 | 1.06 | 0.988 | 33.3 | 68.1 | 0.01 |
Severe EDS | 16–24 | 43.4 | 98.5 | 28.933 | 0.575 | 96.7 | 62.9 | 0.42 |
Weighted ESS | ||||||||
NDS | 0–14 | 100 | 85.0 | 6.667 | 0 | 44.9 | 100 | 0.85 |
Mild EDS | 15–19 | 92.3 | 90.2 | 9.418 | 0.081 | 39.3 | 99.4 | 0.83 |
Moderate EDS | 20–29 | 58.5 | 83.6 | 3.567 | 0.496 | 62.8 | 81.0 | 0.42 |
Severe EDS | 30–40 | 59.0 | 98.0 | 29.5 | 0.418 | 96.8 | 70.0 | 0.57 |