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Table 4 Characteristics of patients with severe OSA and high serum periostin

From: Role of serum periostin in severe obstructive sleep apnea with albuminuria: an observational study

Index

Mild/moderate OSAan = 43

Severe OSAa alone n = 41

n = 41

Severe OSAa + high periostinb n = 12

p-value‡

Age, years

60 ± 10

58 ± 12

63 ± 9

0.16

Sex, male/female, n

33/10

31/10

10/2

0.57

Smoking, current/others, n

12/31

8/33

1/11

0.36

BMI, kg/m2

26.2 ± 3.5

28.9 ± 4.6

28.6 ± 3

0.83

AHI, events/h

18.8 ± 6.9

51.1 ± 17.5

50 ± 13.5

0.90

CT90, %

5.5 ± 8.0

21 ± 22.7

13.8 ± 14.8

0.59

3% ODI, events/h

17.5 ± 7.3

48.5 ± 18.6

46.1 ± 13.4

0.83

Lowest oxygen saturation, %

82.6 ± 7.6

76 ± 7.5

75.6 ± 8.4

0.98

Arousal index, events/h

21.8 ± 8.8

45.4 ± 17.8

41.8 ± 12.6

0.51

Serum periostin, ng/mL

64.7 ± 22.4

59.7 ± 13.9

102.7 ± 15.4

–

Blood eosinophils, /μL

202 (124–350)

219 (131–299)

240 (155–284)

0.92

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

195 ± 32

199 ± 37

189 ± 32

0.40

High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL

55 ± 16

53 ± 13

48 ± 15

0.30

Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL

114 ± 34

121 ± 28

111 ± 21

0.22

Triglycerides, mg/dL

158 ± 90

175 ± 148

207 ± 117

0.49

Free fatty acids, mg/dL

480 ± 172

474 ± 147

581 ± 139

0.03

Blood glucose, mg/dL

100 ± 23

100 ± 23

113 ± 33

0.12

Hemoglobin A1c, %

6.2 ± 0.9

6.1 ± 0.8

6.5 ± 1.1

0.19

Dyslipidemia, +/−, n

15/28

16/25

7/5

0.24

Diabetes mellitus, +/−, n

14/29

7/34

5/7

0.07

Hypertension, +/−, n

22/21

29/12

8/4

0.79

Urinary albumin–creatinine ratioc, mg/g

10.5 ± 15.9

22.5 ± 89.4

89.4 ± 258.5

0.31

Albuminuriad, macro/micro/−, n

0/6/37

1/3/37

1/3/8

0.04e

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, +/−, n

1/41

0/41

1/11

0.06

Asthma, +/−, n

1/42

1/40

2/10

0.06

Allergic rhinitis, +/−, n

8/35

6/35

2/10

0.89

  1. Baseline data are presented as mean ± SD or numbers, except for eosinophils, which were presented as median (range)
  2. aSeverity of OSA was defined on the basis of the AHI, as follows: mild, ≥5 to < 15; moderate, ≥15 to < 30; or severe, AHI ≥30
  3. bDetermined as high when the serum periostin level was ≥87 ng/mL (highest quintile)
  4. ‡p-values for severe OSA + high serum periostin vs. severe OSA alone
  5. cDefined as urine albumin/creatininec
  6. dDefined as positive if the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio was ≥20 mg/g in men or ≥ 30 mg/g in women
  7. eCompared frequency of albuminuria
  8. OSA obstructive sleep apnea, BMI body mass index, AHI apnea–hypopnea index, CT90 cumulative percentage of sleep time with percutaneous oxygen saturation < 90%, ODI oxygen desaturation index