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Table 4 Result of the multiple beta-binomial mixed-effects model adjusted by time-dependent covariates for the Impacts component of the SGRQ questionnaire over time

From: Predictive factors over time of health-related quality of life in COPD patients

SGRQ

  

β

SD(β)

P

OR

95%CI

Impacts

Intercept

 

3.150

0.229

< 0.001

–

–

Time

(year)

−0.026

0.008

0.002

0.974

(0.959–0.991)

Age

(5 years)

− 0.167

0.010

< 0.001

0.846

(0.829–0.864)

FEV1

(100 ml)

−0.031

0.004

< 0.001

0.970

(0.962–0.978)

RV%

(9%)

0.013

0.003

< 0.001

1.013

(1.007–1.019)

DLCO%

(11%)

−0.043

0.008

< 0.001

0.958

(0.943–0.973)

Handgrip

(5 kg)

−0.057

0.009

< 0.001

0.945

(0.928–0.962)

6mWT

(25 m)

− 0.053

0.005

< 0.001

0.949

(0.940–0.958)

Smoking

(10 pack/y)

0.015

0.006

0.006

1.015

(1.004–1.026)

BMI

≤ 30

–

–

–

–

–

>  30

0.129

0.032

< 0.001

1.138

(1.068–1.212)

PA

< 2 h/week

–

–

–

–

–

2–4 h/week

−0.101

0.053

0.056

0.904

(0.814–1.002)

> 4 h/weeka

−0.256

0.052

< 0.001

0.774

(0.700–0.857)

Work/intense

−0.433

0.061

< 0.001

0.649

(0.576–0.731)

CCI

0–3

–

–

–

–

–

>  3

−0.120

0.037

0.001

0.887

(0.825–0.953)

Treatmentb

0–1 out of LABA/LAMA

–

–

–

–

–

2 out of LABA/LAMA/ICS

0.141

0.058

0.014

1.152

(1.028–1.290)

LABA+LAMA+ICS

0.087

0.050

0.084

1.090

(0.988–1.203)

Previous hospitalizations

0

–

–

–

–

–

1

0.043

0.041

0.294

1.044

(0.964–1.131)

2

0.257

0.060

< 0.001

1.293

(1.149–1.454)

> 2

0.156

0.054

0.004

1.169

(1.050–1.300)

Sigmac

 

0.951

0.030

–

–

–

  1. BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, DLCO carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second, PA physical activity, RV residual volume, 6mWT 6-min walking test, SD standard deviation, OR odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
  2. a Gardening subjects were included in this category
  3. b Treatment has been classified as follows: 0–1 out of LABA/LAMA; 2 out of LABA/LAMA/ICS; 3 of them LABA+LAMA+ICS
  4. c Standard deviation of the random intercept